Bridge

Question 1

Design consideration for Bridges

Answer 1

1. Purpose
2. Site conditions
3. Type
4. Materials used
5. Aesthetics

Question 2

Design principles for Bridges(3 E)

Answer 2

1. Efficiency: A scientific principle focusing on reducing materials while increasing performance.
2. Economy: A social principle reducing construction and maintenance costs while maintaining efficiency.
3. Elegance: A symbolic or visual principle valuing the designer’s personal expression without compromising performance or economy.

Question 3

types of bridges

Answer 3

1. Beam Bridges: Simple, cost-effective, suitable for short spans.
2. Arch Bridges: Strong, aesthetically pleasing, suitable for medium spans.
3. Suspension Bridges: Ideal for long spans, using cables and suspender cables.
4. Cable-Stayed Bridges: Similar to suspension bridges but with direct cable connections.

Question 4

construction elements bridges

Answer 4

Foundations
Piers and Abuments
Superstructure
Substructure
Drainage and Lighting.

Question 5

bridge components

Answer 5

1. Bridge Decks:
   ○ Directly below the wearing surface.
   ○ Support the wearing surface to distribute loads.
   ○ Made of reinforced concrete slab or large steel plates.
2. Superstructures:
   ○ Receive and support loads.
   ○ Transfer load reactions to the bridge’s substructure. Components may include beams, girders, trusses, decks, etc.
3. Substructures:
   ○ Support the superstructures.
   ○ Foundation part that transfers load to the earth.
   ○ Components include abutment, piers, trunk, concrete pad, bearing pad, pile caisson, pile bent, footing, and piers protection.

Question 6

bridge construction process

Answer 6

Bridge Construction Process
1. Planning and design
2. Site Preparations
3. Foundation Work
4. Superstructure Construction
5. Final Touches

Question 7

construction technique for Bridge

Answer 7

Cast in place concrete
precast concrete
still fabrication
cable spinning