Brian Plasticity 2

Question 1

Brains response to experience

Answer 1

Communication of cells through synapse
Learning
Memory

Question 2

Bilateral medial temporal lobectomy

Answer 2

H.M was an epileptic who , in 1953 at the age of 27 had his medial temporal lobes removed
Seizures dramatically reduced - but so was memory
Amnesia

Question 3

Amnesia

Answer 3

Retrograde (backward acting) unable
To remember past
Anterograde - unable to form new memories
While HM - unable to form long term memories , his STM was intact

Question 4

Assessing H.M

Answer 4

Digit span - repeat long digits as time between learning and recall was within the duration of STM

Block Tapping memory span test - this test demonstrated that HM amnesia was global
Mirror drawing task - exhibited improvement with practice - able
To show memory skills

Question 5

Contributions of HM case

Answer 5

Medial temporal lobes involved in memory
STM & LTM separate - memory consolidation problem
Memory may exist but not recalled

Explicit , conscious memory - knowing what
Implicit unconscious memory - knowing how

Question 6

Medial temporal lobe amnesia

Answer 6

Not everyone with this form of amnesia are unable form new explicit long term memories
Semantic memory (gen info)
Episodic memory (events experienced) may not functionally normally

Question 7

Hippocampus and Consolidation

Answer 7

HM has some retrograde amnesia

Perhaps hippocampus stores memories temp in order to consolidate

Question 8

Object-Recognition Memory

Answer 8

Early animal models of amnesia involved implicit memory and assumed the hippocampus was key
1970- monkeys with bilateral temporal lobectomy we show LTM deficits
Like HM performance was normal when memory needed

Question 9

Object recognition deficits and medial temporal lobectomy

Answer 9

Bilateral removal of the rhinal cortex results in object - recognition deficits
Removal of hippocampus produces moderate effects on object recognition
Removal of the amygdala has no effect on object recognition

Question 10

Hippocampus

Answer 10

Rhinal cortex - object recognition

Hippocampus for spatial location

Question 11

Cognitive map theory

Answer 11

Constructs and stores allocentric maps of the world

Question 12

Configural association theory

Answer 12

• involved in retaining the behaviour significance of combinations of stimuli

Question 13

Where are memories stores?

Answer 13

Hippocampus - limbic system , integral to spatial navigation and long term memory function

Amygdala - mass of grey matter located in anterior medial proportion of temporal lobe - to form and store memories associated with emotional events

Question 14

Basal ganglia

Answer 14

Collections of nuclei found in medial temporal lobe - unconscious memory process like motor skills , locomotion and implicit memory

Question 15

Frontal lobes

Answer 15

Located at front of each hemisphere , linked to coordination of info and working memory, also play role in remembering events in future aswell well as upcoming

Question 16

Temporal lobes

Answer 16

Of the left and right of hemisphere , involved in memory of autobiographical facts as well as recognition memory

Question 17

Occipital lobe

Answer 17

Role in memory for object recognition and object location in long term memory