Brexit

Question 1

BI

Answer 1

June 23rd 2016, Brexit referendum 52%-48%

Different views over whether good or not
Short period of time so don’t really know

Question 2

LOF

Answer 2

Essay will discuss the social, economic and political implications of leaving EU

Question 3

LOA

Answer 3

Whilst long-term impacts = unknown
Little positive implications for the U.K

Question 4

P1

Answer 4

One positive social implication for the U.K leaving the EU is that the U.K has full sovereignty over its borders

Question 5

P1 explain (key points)

Answer 5

U.K has full control over borders and immigration policy and shape to what U.K needs

Priortise skills + expertise which will benefit U.K socio-economically
Allows U.K to address concerns over job competition, strain on public services & cultural identity

Stronger domestic workforce

Question 6

P1 example

Answer 6

In September 2021, points-based immigration system introduced

Question 7

P1 analysis

Answer 7

Unlike when U.K was part of EU, immigration policy is better suited to their needs & aspirations as they can decide who enters and exits the country

Question 8

P2

Answer 8

However, stricter border control legislation is not necessarily a positive implication for the U.K

Question 9

P2 explain (key points)

Answer 9

Labour shortages as deficit of lower-skilled workers
Shortage of goods and understaffed industries like retail, transport, manufacturing
Increased inflation as companies increase wages to attract workers

Question 10

P2 example

Answer 10

Brexit leading to a shortfall of 330,000 workers in U.K workforce

Question 11

P2 analysis

Answer 11

Inflation is higher and economy is weaker as shortage of lower-skilled workers so gap in certain industries

Question 12

P1 + P2 link

Answer 12

Sovereignty over borders = mostly good as U.K can tailor policies to suit their needs
Overall, bad as weaker economy and inflation

Question 13

P3

Answer 13

Some argue that a positive economic implication for the U.K is that they no longer have to contribute to the EU budget

Question 14

P3 explain (key points)

Answer 14

U.K now able to spend taxpayer’s money on things that’ll solely benefit Britain rather than funding EU projects that may not

U.K avoided contributing to liabilities created for EU’s COVID response so has saved the U.K millions

Tailor funding to suit domestic needs and what British taxpayers want

Question 15

P3 example

Answer 15

2024-2025 yearly expenditure on NHS is projected to be £57 billion pounds more in cash terms than pre-Brexit (2016).
Equates to around £1 billion more a week

Question 16

P3 analysis

Answer 16

Compared to when U.K was in EU, money can now be spent on what British public want and what would benefit them
Stronger economy

Question 17

P4

Answer 17

However, one economic limitation is that the U.K is no longer part of the EU’s customs union

Question 18

P4 explain (key points)

Answer 18

Customs union allows customs authorities in every EU country to work as one
Apply same tariffs to goods to imports from rest of world and none internally
Simpler and cheaper for member countries to trade

U.K economy has been severely damaged as negotiating powers and free trading has been stripped away

British exports = more expensive for U.K so EU less likely to trade
Higher unemployment rates in U.K as companies have had to reduce size of operations or stop them completely

Question 19

P4 examples

Answer 19

U.K’s Office for Budget Responsibility determines Brexit will reduce Britain’s output by 4% and exports lower by 15%

Question 20

P4 analysis

Answer 20

Economy is worse that when U.K was part of EU as countries don’t want to trade anymore

Question 21

P3 + P4 link

Answer 21

No longer have to contribute to budgets, saving them money

Economy is severely damaged as trading with EU countries is significantly more expensive so led to unemployment and weaker economy

Question 22

P5

Answer 22

One positive political implication is that the U.K is now able to have more control over its democracy

Question 23

P5 explain (key points)

Answer 23

When U.K was part of EU, they would sometimes have their hand twisted and accept policies that they may not have agreed with or not benefitted them

Full control of decisions and can’t be overlooked in favour of majority of other countries
Decisions better align with democratic values and allow better accountability and transparency for U.K decisions so British public have more say + more representative of British citizens

Question 24

P5 example

Answer 24

Over 600 pieces of EU legislation were written out of U.K legislation including a “control programme” designed to ensure compliance with maximum residue levels of pesticides

Question 25

P5 analysis

Answer 25

U.K now has greater control over its democracy than when in EU and more representative of citizens

Question 26

P6

Answer 26

However, many political analysists argue that the U.K now has a weakened British union

Question 27

P6 explain (key points)

Answer 27

U.K is a union of nations Manner which Brexit happened created conflict between U.K gov and devolved governments, raised questions about strength of union Created toxic environment that undermines the constitutional stability of the union Breakdown in diplomacy which impacts citizens such as the cost-of-living crisis being swept aside by constitutional and identity politics Uncertainty in financial markets, so less economic growth

Question 28

P6 example

Answer 28

The Scottish gov + NI gov are planning independence referendums as majority of citizens voted to remain in the EU

Question 29

P6 analysis

Answer 29

Strength of union decreased since before

Question 30

P5 + P6 link

Answer 30

British democracy has increased and now has more freedoms but way Brexit was handled was bad and has reduced strength of union