Breeding Flashcards
Serum Progesterone
Anestrus
0.2-1
Serum Progesterone
Proestrus
0.2-1
Serum Progesterone
LH surge
1.5-1.8
Serum Progesterone
Ovulation
4-6
Takes two days to mature
Serum Progesterone
Fertilization period
12-16
(8-20+)
If levels do not reach this than transition of follicle failed
Serum Progesterone
Cervical Closure
20+
Serum Progesterone
Diestrus early
20-40
Serum Progesterone
Diestrus late
40-10
Serum Progesterone
Pregnancy loss
<5-10
To maintain need 10+
Serum Progesterone
Labor onset in 8-24 hours
<2
Quick drop
Serum Progesterone
Termination of pregnancy
<1
Onset proestrus LH surge (+/- days)
-25 to -3
Maximum vaginal cornification
LH surge (+/- days)
Ovulation (+/- days)
LH: -1 to 7
Ovulation: -4 to 4
Estradiol peak
LH surge (+/- days)
Ovulation (+/- days)
LH: -3 to -1
Ovulation: -6 to -4
Start of estrus behavior
LH surge (+/- days)
Ovulation (+/- days)
LH: -4 to 5
Ovulation: -7 to 2
Progesterone 1 to 2 ng/ml
LH surge (+/- days)
Ovulation (+/- days)
LH: -1 to 0
Ovulation: -4 to -3
LH Surge
LH surge (+/- days)
Ovulation (+/- days)
LH: 0
Ovulation: -2 to 3
Ovulation primary oocytes
LH surge (+/- days)
Ovulation (+/- days)
LH: 2 to 3
Ovulation: 0
Oocyte takes about 2 days to mature
Fertilization
LH surge (+/- days)
Ovulation (+/- days)
LH: 4 to 6
Ovulation: 2 to 4
Natural mating for maxiumum conception rate
LH surge (+/- days)
Ovulation (+/- days)
LH: -1 to 6
Ovulation: -3 to 4
Cytologic diestrus
LH surge (+/- days)
Ovulation (+/- days)
LH: 8 to 9
Ovulation: 5 to 7
Radiograph detection of fetal skull
LH surge (+/- days)
Ovulation (+/- days)
LH: 44 to 46
Ovulation: 41 to 43
Ultrasound detection of fetal heartbeat
LH surge (+/- days)
Ovulation (+/- days)
LH: 22 to 25
Ovulation: 19 to 22
Parturition
LH surge (+/- days)
Ovulation (+/- days)
LH: 64 to 66
Ovulation: 62 to 64
Inherited disease
Hip dysplasia Atopic ureter Vascular ring anomaly Polycystic Kidney Cardiac stenosis
Genetic Diversity and Breeding
Genetic diversity is finite
Alleles can be lost by chance (genetic drift) and through selection due to breeders (will reduce diversity)
How do you remove a gene from a population?
You cannot remove a single gene!
Must remove an entire dog and all the genes it has
Genes move in groups with other genes – cannot just select one specific thing
What happens if you breed for homozygosity?
Kiss of death to the immune system!
Genetic variability decreases => cannot improve breed
What happens if you breed to the same sire over and over?
Get the desired traits of sire but also get all the undesired traits
Rare mutations will become common; may not know the gene is there, recessive, and appears as time goes on
The breed will continue to lose genes every generation until the gene pool no longer has the genes necessary to build a healthy dog
What does inbreeding do to genetic diversity?
Can lose 90% of genetic diversity in 6 generations
Genetic counseling (2 principles)
Selection of breeding animals should be based on multiple factors (goals, health, confirmation, performance, behavior)
Single minded focus on elimination of one genetic defect will result in diminished genetic diversity and increased occurrence of defects
Puberty
What is it?
Transition from immature to sexually mature and capable of reproduction
Characterized by hormones, physical characteristics, sexual behavior
Puberty
Does it occur earlier in males or females? In small or large breed?
Females
Small breed
What controls onset of puberty?
Hypothalamic release of GnRH
Age at onset of puberty
Determined by percent of adult body weight:
Cat is 75% and no studies done for dogs
What does estrogen do to bones?
Estrogen produced after puberty increases closure of epiphyseal paltes
Orchidectomy or ovarectomy prior to puberty causes…
Prolongs bone growth
How long can sperm survive in the vagina vs uterus?
Vagina: a few hours (hositle environment)
Uterus: 7 days