Breathlessness + Restrictive Lung Disease Flashcards
What do type 1 epithelial cels do?
Provide support
What do type 2 epithelial cells do?
Produce surfactant
What do alveolar macrophages do?
Phagocytose foreign particles + bacteria
What do fibroblasts do?
Synthesise collagen + elastin
What is the interstitium made of?
Type 1 collagen
What is interstitial/fibrotic LD?
Lung parenchyma thickened + stiff
What is the pathology of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
- Thickened interstitium
- Infiltrated with lymphocytes + plasma cells
- Fibroblasts lay down collagen
- Alveolar architecture destroyed = air filled spaces
What are the symptoms of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
- Dyspnea (worse on exertion)
- Rapid shallow breathing
- Dry irritating cough
What are the signs of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
- Cyanosis
- Desaturation on exertion
- Finger clubbing
- Fine end inspiratory crackles
- CXR = shrinking lung + reticula pattern
- CT = reticulation @ periphery, honeycombing around edge
What causes pleural thickening?
Asbestos or mesothelioma
What is a pleural effusion?
Fluid between visceral + parietal pleura
Squashes base of lung + impairs ventilation
What effect does cardiomegaly have on the lungs?
Squashes lung parenchyma = reduced gas exchange
What is the main cause of restrictive lung disease?
Neuromuscular disease
e.g. Duchennes muscular dystrophy
What happens to FEV1 and FVC in emphysema and asthma?
FEV1 reduced more than FVC because obstructive
FEV1 = air blown out in 1 second
What happens to FEV1 and FVC in restrictive LD?
FEV1 + FVC reduced
