Breathing And Respiration Flashcards
Which process [in cells] produces carbon dioxide?
Respiration
How do gases pass across the wall of the alveolus?
By diffusion
What in the blood is Oxygen carried in?
Red blood cells
What does Oxygen combine to in blood?
Haemoglobin
What are three features alveoli have that allow large amounts of Oxygen to enter the blood?
- They have a large surface area allowing large amounts of Oxygen to be exchanged at each breath.
- They have very thin walls, allowing the Oxygen to pass almost directly between the lungs and the bloodstream, allowing more to pass in a quicker amount of time.
- They have a good blood supply, allowing a maximum amount of Oxygen to enter the blood.
What is the process in which Oxygen passes from the air into the blood?
Diffusion
How does breathing allow large amounts of oxygen to enter the blood?
By keeping the aveoli’s level of oxygen high and by keeping the concentration gradient of the oxygen in the alveoli grater than that of the blood.
Describe the changes in the volume of the lungs in one breathing cycle
It rises to its peak of 0.46dm3 after 1.2s and then falls back to 0 after 2.5s
How do the diaphragm and ribcage cause the changes in the lung volume?
The rib cage moves upwards and outwards and the diaphragm flattens, increasing the volume of the thorax and the air pressure to become lower than atmospheric pressure in the thorax, causing air to move into the lungs. Then the ribcage moves downwards and inwards and the diaphragm domes, causing the pressure to be raised in the thorax again and forcing air out.
What’s the difference between modern and classical ventilators?
In the iron lung, the atmospheric pressure forces the air into the lungs, whereas in the modern respirator the air is mechanically forced into the lungs.
Give an advantage and disadvantage of using a modern ventilator.
It gives the patient freedom to be mobile, unlike the iron kung, but it is also uncomfortable, as the tube has to go into the trachea.
What does emphysema do to the thickness of the surface used for gas exchange?
It increases it
What does emphysema do to the total area available for gas exchange?
It decreases it
What is the advantage of having more red blood cells?
Your blood can carry more oxygen
Where (in the lungs) does Oxygen enter the blood?
Alveoli
