Breathing and Effects of Smoking Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

_____________ require specialised systems to facilitate gas exchange through diffusion

A

Complex multicellular organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the pathway of oxygen to the red blood cell?

A

Nostril, Pharynx (nasal cavity), Epigllotis, Larynx (voice box), Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveoli, Capillary Wall, Red Blood Cells, Tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What happens during inhalation?

A
  • air is taken into the lungs
  • diaphragm contracts
  • external intercostals contract
  • air flows from high to low presssure, therefore into the lungs
  • chest cavity increases in volume
  • pressure inside decreases
  • atmospheric pressure is higher than in the lungs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What happens during exhalation?

A
  • air is released from the lungs
  • diaphragm relaxes
  • internal intercostals contract
  • chest cavity decreasess in volume
  • pressure inside increases
  • air flows from high to low pressure, therefore exits the lungs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Inhaled air has (a)_______ oxygen content, (b)_______ carbon dioxide content

A

(a) higher
(b) lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Exhaled air has (a)_______ oxygen content, (b)_______ carbon dioxide content

A

(a) lower
(b) higher
+ water vapour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the atmospheric air composition of inhaled air?

A

21% oxygen
0.04% carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the atmospheric air composition of exhaled air?

A

17% oxygen
4% carbon dioxide
+ water vapour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why do we breathe?

A

To deliver oxygen to cells and tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Diffusion is the net movement of particles from and area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. This is a passive process and does not require energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What can make the diffusion rate high? (name 4)

A
  • surface area is large
  • distance is short e.g. thin alveolar walls (1 cell tick, thin and flat) and thin capillary walls (1 cell thick and flat)
  • if air is moist (oxygen dissolves and diffuses faster)
  • steep concentration gradient
  • good ventilation (breathing)
  • low perfusion (blood flow) removes oxygenated blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How are alveoli adapted for gas exchange?

A
  • large surface area
  • thin walls
  • surrounded by capillaries
  • capillaries are one cell thick (short distance for diffusion)
  • lots of microvilli
  • moist walls
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why does exercise increase the rate and depth of breathing?

A

It is done to meet increased oxygen demand and to remove excess carbon dioxide produced during exercise.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are some effects of smoking?

A
  • can cause lung disease
  • damages airways and alveoli
  • tar contains carcinogens, which can cause cancer
  • smoking can cause stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD)
  • damages blood vessels
  • clogs arteries - makes heart beat faster & increases blood pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the pleural membrane?

A

A thin layer of tissue that lines the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly