Breathing

Question 1

What is ventilation controlled by?

Answer 1

Central nervous system / Respiratory rhythmic centre

Question 2

How can ventilation become voluntary?

Answer 2

Hyperventilation
Breath holding
Speaking
Swallowing

Question 3

What are the protective mechanisms of the respiratory rhythm centre?

Answer 3

Slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors (Receptors in smooth muscle) - Prevents lung tissue from expanding by initiating a signal that inhibits inspiration when tidal volume approaches - the switch off point

Rapidly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors (receptors dense in trachea) - Respond to stimuli like cold air, smoke, inhaled particles, and initiate a reflex to cough/sneeze and causes bronchioconstriction

Question 4

What creates Ventilatory drive?

Answer 4

Peripheral chemoreceptors which are stimulated by O2, these chemoreceptor include, Carotid and Aortic chemoreceptors