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Clin med FINAL- sem 2 > Breasts > Flashcards

Breasts Flashcards

1
Q

Supernumerary nipple/ breasts- location

A

Along milk line

not dangerous

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2
Q

Supernumerary nipple/ breasts- signs and symptoms

A

Darken during pregnancy

Increase in size/lactation during pregnancy

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3
Q

Gynecomastia- what is it?

A

Unwanted enlargement/swelling of breast tissue

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4
Q

Gynecomastia - risk factors

A

M- puberty

Elderly- decreased testosterone

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5
Q

Gynecomastia - indicates what?

A

Hormone imbalance- increased estrogen

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6
Q

Mastodynia (mastalgia)- risk factors

A

W taking OCPs or HRT

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7
Q

Mastodynia (mastalgia)- cause

A

Hormonal changes- cyclical

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8
Q

Mastodynia (mastalgia)- signs and symptoms

A

Tenderness/pain

Luteal phase

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9
Q

Mastodynia (mastalgia)- treatment

A

Vit B6 and Vit E

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10
Q

Mastitis- what is it?

A

Breast infection

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11
Q

Mastitis - risk factors?

A

Lactating

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12
Q

Mastitis - cause

A

Staph aureus

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13
Q

Mastitis - signs and symptoms

A

Abscess
Poor latch or incomplete emptying of breast
Unilateral tenderness
Heat
Significant fever/chills
Body aches (flu-like/ cellulitis type symptoms)

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14
Q

Mastitis- what is affected?

A

Usually one quadrant of breast/lobule affected

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15
Q

Mastitis- labs and imaging

A

Culture of purulent milk - NOT done

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16
Q

Mastitis- treatment

A 
Dicloxacillin 
Cephalosporin 
Warm compress 
Continue breastfeeding 
Surgical or I&D- if abscess
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17
Q

Breast abscess- develops when?

A

During lactation

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18
Q

Breast abscess - signs and symptoms

A

Painful
Swollen area of redness
Tenderness
Induration (filled w pus)

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19
Q

Breast abscess- what may develop in non-lactating W? and why?

A

Subareolar abscess

From nipple piercing

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20
Q

Breast abscess- treatment

A

I & D

Dicloxacillin= abx

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21
Q

Breast abscess- what if no response to tx?

A

suspect inflammatory breast cancer- especially if associated w axillary lymphadenopathy

22
Q

Fat necrosis of the breast- what is it?

A

Benign- damaged/dead breast tissue

23
Q

Fat necrosis of the breast - risk factors/cause

A

Trauma

After breast bx, radiation, surgery

24
Q

Fat necrosis of the breast- signs and symptoms

A

Firm nodule

25
Q

Fat necrosis of the breast - tests and imaging

A

Bx

May look like breast carcinoma on imaging

26
Q

Fat necrosis of the breast- treatment

A

Excision is not needed

27
Q

Fat necrosis of the breast and risk of cancer

A

NO increased risk

28
Q

Fibrocystic breast changes / disease- what is it?

A

MC benign condition of breast

29
Q

Fibrocystic breast changes / disease - risk factors

A

30-50

Denser breast

30
Q

Fibrocystic breast changes / disease - cause

A

Hormonal changes that produce lumps

31
Q

Fibrocystic breast changes / disease - signs and symptoms

A

Bilateral pain and size fluctuation during period
Mobile
Cyclic pain or breast tenderness

32
Q

Fibrocystic breast changes / disease- when do symptoms subside? and why?

A

At menopause- no more hormonal changes w menstrual cycle

33
Q

Fibrocystic breast changes / disease vs carcinoma

A

Multiple lesions usually distinguish from carcinoma but any suspicious lesion should be biopsied or excised
- straw colored or green fluid

34
Q

Fibrocystic breast changes / disease- treatment

A 
Supportive bra 
Caffeine avoidance
Low salt diet
Vitamin E
Evening primrose oil
35
Q

Fibroadenoma- what is it?

A

Benign tumor of glandular breast tissue

Second most common benign breast disorder

36
Q

Fibroadenoma- risk factors

A

Young W

Black W

37
Q

Fibroadenoma- signs and symptoms

A 
Round or ovoid
Firm
Smooth
Rubbery
Discrete
Mobile
Non tender 
Painless
38
Q

Fibroadenoma- diagnosis

A

Core needle bx or

3-6 m follow up w repeat US and breast exam

39
Q

Fibroadenoma- treatment

A

No tx if dx made by core needle bx

May surgically remove if pt wants
Cryoablation is an alternative (destroy tissue)

40
Q

Galactorrhea- result of/ cause?

A

Hyperprolactinemia (meds or tumor)

41
Q

Galactorrhea- signs and symptoms

A

Milky white discharge

Bilateral= CNS

42
Q

Pathologic nipple discharge- types

A

Duct ectasia (duct itself- thicker walls)

Intraductal papilloma (benign tumor in duct or bv)

Carinoma

43
Q

Pathologic nipple discharge - signs and symptoms

A

Unilateral- single duct
Serous, bloody or serosanguineous (combo)
Purulent w breast abscess

44
Q

Pathologic nipple discharge- imaging/ tests

A

Cytology exam of nipple discharge rarely helpful bc negative does not rule out cancer

U/S/ mammogram

45
Q

Pathologic nipple discharge - what is considered diagnosis and treatment?

A

Surgical excision of involved duct

46
Q

Lactation- breast milk contents

A

Right amount of fat, sugar, water, protein, and minerals needed for baby’s grown and development

Changes as baby grows to adapt to baby’s needs

Antibodies- that protect infants from certain illnesses

47
Q

Lactation- breast changes in pregnancy

A

hormonal dependent growth- growth and branching of the ductal system and fat deposition
- estrogen, prolactin, growth hormone, adrenal glucocorticoid, insulin

48
Q

Lactation- let down reflex prolactin

A

Released by ant pit- stimulated by signals from nipple to hypothalamus mammary glands to start producing milk//milk secretion- stimulates colostrum

49
Q

Lactation- let down reflex oxytocin

A

Released by ant pit- stimulated by signals from suckling or crying - stimulates smooth muscle contraction, helps eject milk- milk letdown from the mammary gland of the breast into the ductal system

50
Q

Lactation- breast feeding recommendations

A

Breastfeeding first 6m followed by combo w complementary foods until 12m and continuation until desired

Clin med FINAL- sem 2 (5 decks)

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