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Surgery > Breast & Womens Health > Flashcards

Breast & Womens Health Flashcards

1
Q

Features of bloody nipple discharge associated with malignancy

A
  1. Spontaneous
  2. Unilateral
  3. Localized to a single duct
  4. Present in women >40 years pf age
  5. Bloody
  6. Associated with a mass
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2
Q

Benign milk filled cysts that occur almost exclusively in lactating women characterized by a triad of secretory breast epithelium, prolactin stimulus , and ductal obstruction.

A

Galactocele

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3
Q

Involves resection of the primary breast cancer with a margin of normal appearing breast tissue, adjuvant radiation therapy, and assessment of regional lymph node status.

A

Breast conservation therapy

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4
Q

Breast conservation treatment for T2 N0 M0 breast carcinoma must have __________?

A

Adjuvant radiotherapy

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5
Q

Absolute contraindications to breast conservation surgery?

A
  1. Prior radiotherapy
  2. Pregnancy ( 1st to 2nd trimester)
  3. Persistently positive margins
  4. Multicentric lesions
  5. Diffuse microcalcifications
  6. Connective tissue disorders
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6
Q

Management of breadt cancer during pregnancy?

A

1st & 2nd trimester:
1. Modified Radical Mastectomy

3rd trimester
1. Lumpectomy with axillary node dissection ( if adjuvant radiotherapy is deferred until after delivery)

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7
Q

Triad of Carcinoid Syndrome?

A

Flushing
Diarrhea
Cardiac involvement

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8
Q

Drugs used in the management of Cushings disease?

A

Aminoglutethimide
Ketoconazole
Metyrapone

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9
Q

Percentage of women with BRCA1 mutation developing breast cancer before age 70.

A

55-65% of women

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10
Q

Diagnostic features of MEN2B ?

A
  1. MTC
  2. Pheochromocytoma
  3. Multiple neuromas
  4. Long narrow face , retrognathia, highly arched palate
  5. Marfanoid habitus
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11
Q

Reddish tender , warm breast in a nursing mother is most likely a case of?

A

Epidermic puerperal mastitis

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12
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic of pathologic nipple discharge ?

A

Spontaneous and non-bloody

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13
Q

Most widely used and accurate modality for preoperative localization of abnormal parathyroid gland is _________.

A

Technitium -sestamibi scan

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14
Q

Which statement regarding the emissary vein is correct?

A

It is located in the loose areolar tissue

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15
Q

Lateral border of the breast found at the anterior axillary line

A

Axillary tail of Spence

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16
Q

_________________ are found deep to the pectoralis minor muscle

A

Breast lymphatics

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17
Q

Risk factors for Zuka’s disease , also known as recurrent periductal mastitis

A

Cigarette smoking

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18
Q

Venous plexus that extends from the base of the skull to the sacrum?

A

Batson vertebral plexus

Provides a route for breast cancer metastasis.

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19
Q

Risk factors for Breast Cancer? (6)

A
  1. Increased exposure to estrogen
  2. Radiation exposure
  3. Increased alcohol intake
  4. High fat diet
  5. Prolonged use of OCPs and HRT
  6. Family history of breast CA
20
Q

Age of start annual screening mammogram

A

40 years old

21
Q

Age of start of annual screening mammography?

A

40yo

22
Q

Most common presentation of breast cancer?

A

Palpable mass

23
Q

Most common first site of distant spread?

A

Bone 51%
Lung 17%
Brain 16%
Liver 6%

24
Q

Diagnostic used to evaluate dense breasts and for BIRADS 0 mammogram results?

A

Breast ultrasound

25
Q

Minimum number of nodes required for adequate staging of breast cancer?

A

10 nodes

26
Q

Removal of the entire breast and axillary lymph nodes?

A

Modified radical mastectomy

27
Q

Management of breast cancer during 1st and 2nd trimester of pregnancy?

A

Modified radical mastectomy

28
Q

Cells found in the epidermis of the nipple that is possible source of Pagets diasease of the nipple?

A

Toker cells

29
Q

Most striking and consistent symptom of esophageal rupture.

A

Pain

30
Q

Phase of caustic esophageal injury when the esophagus is weakest?

A

2nd phase (ulceration and granulation)

31
Q

Which of the following characterizes endometrial hyperplasia?

A

Caused by estrogen secreting tumors like granulosa cell tumor

32
Q

Surgery as the primary modality of treatment for cervical cancer is generally recommended for what stage of the disease?

A

I

33
Q

Virilizing adrenal tumors secretions

A

Dehydroepiandrosterone
Androstenedione
Testosterone and Estrogen

34
Q

Which of the following characterizes endometrial hyperplasia?

A

Caused by estrogen secreting tumors like granulosa cell tumor

35
Q

Most common gynecologic cancer

A

Cervical cancer

36
Q

Hormone responsible for lobular development of the breast ?

A

Progesterone

37
Q

Hormone responsible for ductal development of the breast ?

A

Estrogen

38
Q

Hormone regulates release of estrogen and progesterone?

A

LH/ FSH

39
Q

High risk BRCA mutation carriers do mammogram , TVS, CA 125 yearly beginning at what age ?

A

25 yo

40
Q

Microscopic finding of invasive lobular carcinoma?

A

Indian file configuration : small cells arranged on single file orientation.

41
Q

Baseline mammogram starts at what age?

A

35 yo

42
Q

Annual mammogram begins at what age?

A

40 yo

43
Q

Breast surgery:
Resection of primary breast cancer + Margin of normal appearing breast tissue + Assessment of regional lymph nodes status.

A

Breast Conservation

44
Q

Breast surgery:
Resection of Medial/ Lateral Pectoral Nerves + Long Thoracic Nerve+ Thoracodorsal Nerve + Pectoralis Major & Minor + All LN + All Breast.

A

Radical Mastectomy

45
Q

Same as Radical Mastectomy except all nerves are spared , level III LN spared , Pectoralis Major is spared.

A

Modified Radical Mastectomy

46
Q

Spared in Modified Radical Mastectomy? (3)

A
  1. All nerves are spared : Long thoracic, Medial / Lateral Pectoral Nerves, Thoracodorsal Nerve
  2. Level III LN
  3. Pectoralis Major

Surgery (14 decks)

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