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Paeds & Superficial (MIDS 227) > Breast Physiology + Anatomy > Flashcards

Breast Physiology + Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What hormones are affected in lactation? What do they do?

A

Prolactin (stimulates alveoli to secrete milk) and Oxytocin (triggers milk ejection)

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2
Q

What layer of the breast best shows Coopers ligaments?

A

Premammary Layer

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3
Q

What layer of the breast has the most varied appearance?

A

Mammary layer

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4
Q

What layer at the Major lactiferous ducts visible in?

A

Mammary layer

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5
Q

Most glandiular tissue is found where?

A

UOQ

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6
Q

What muscle is visible posterior to the majority of the breast?

A

Pectoralis major muscle

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7
Q

What muscle is visible posterior superolateral to the pec major?

A

Pectoralis minor

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8
Q

A lesion sits at 10:00 in the right breast - what quadrant is that lesion in?

A

RUOQ

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9
Q

A lesion sits at 7:00 in the left breast- which quadrant is the lesion in?

A

LLIQ

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10
Q

What is the most common and most effective screening tool for breast cancer?

A

Mammography

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11
Q

What is typically the first imaging sign of a developing malignancy?

A

Microcalcs

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12
Q

Dense breast tissue is seen as radio_______.

A

paque

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13
Q

Fatty breast tissue is seen as radio_______.

A

lucent

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14
Q

Breasts are what type of gland? (exocrine or endocrine)

A

Exocrine

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15
Q

What are the two biggest factors that play a role in the composition of mammary glands?

A

Age and hormonal status

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16
Q

What do glandular elements function primarily for?

A

Produce and convey milk

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17
Q

What is unilateral early ripening or unilateral premature thelarche?

A

Breast development of one breast before the other, before 8 years of age, but by puberty both breasts should become comparable in size.

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18
Q

What is precocious puberty?

A

Development of both breasts before 8 years of age.

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19
Q

What is the most common developmental anomalies?

A

Polythelia (accessory nipple)

20
Q

What part of the external breast contains the Montgomery glands?

A

Areola

21
Q

What do the Montgomery glands do?

A

Sebaceous glands which secrete oil during breast feeding

22
Q

Where are intramammary lymph nodes typically located?

A

UOQ near the axilla

23
Q

What lymph nodes account for most of lymph drainage?

A

Axillary nodes

24
Q

What is the first lymph node which drains a cancerous tumor and is at most risk for metasis?

A

Sentinel lymph node

25
Q

The sentinel lymph node is typically what type of node?

A

low axillary

26
Q

What ligament is a boob scooper?

A

Coopers

27
Q

What are the 3 breast layers?

A

Premammary layer, mammary layer, retromammary layer

28
Q

What does the mammary layer contain?

A

15-20 overlapping lobes that exist in a radial pattern

29
Q

What are the benefits to radial scanning?

A

Follows the pattern of lobes

30
Q

What is the axillary tail? (aka tail of Spence)

A

Portions of the mammary tissue that extend into the axilla

31
Q

What does each lobe contain?

A

20-40 terminal ductolobular units (TDLUs)

32
Q

What is a TDLU composed of?

A

A lobule and an extralobular terminal duct.

33
Q

What is the functional unit of the breast called?

A

TDLU (terminal ductolobular units)

34
Q

What are acini?

A

They are ductules that turn into acini (aka alveoli) during pregnancy. They are the SMALLEST functional units of the breasts. They produce milk and involute after the breast feeding period ends.

35
Q

Where are TDLUs found?

A

Typically the Mammary layer BUT can be found in Coopers ligament into the pre or retromammary layers

36
Q

What is the 6 steps to the DUCTAL SYSTEM?
AIELLN

A

Alveoli/Acini/Terminal Ductules –> Intralobular Terminal Duct –> Extralobular Terminal Duct –> Lactiferous Duct –> Lactiferous Sinus –> Nipple

37
Q

What is gynecomastia?

A

The most common and signifigant breast condition in men; overdevelopment of the breast

38
Q

What are the two standard screening views for mammo?

A

Craniocaudal (CC) and medial lateral oblique (MLO)

39
Q

What is the drawback with the Craniocaudal view in mammo?

A

No depth information

40
Q

What view in mammo shows the greatest amount of UOQ breast tissue and axillary tail?

A

Medial Lateral Oblique (MLO)

41
Q

What portion might a Medial Lateral Oblique view exclude?

A

Posterior-medial tissue

42
Q

What view can show the depth of a mass and demonstrate air or fat fluid levels?

A

True 90 Degree Lateral (ML)

43
Q

What is triangulation?

A

A technique for localizing lesions seen on at least two views on 2D mammography - typically done by rads

44
Q

What does ‘Muffins Rise, Lead Falls’ in regards to MLO views mean?

A

Medial masses lie higher, lateral masses may be lower

45
Q

What are the other additional views?
SMSR

A

Spot view, magnification view, spot magnification, rolled views

Paeds & Superficial (MIDS 227) (12 decks)

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