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1 STEP women patho > Breast intro and inflammation 01-20 > Flashcards

Breast intro and inflammation 01-20 Flashcards

1
Q

what is breast?

A

Modified sweat gland

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2
Q

breast embrionically derived from what?

A

from the skin

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3
Q

where can develop breast tissue?

A

anywhere along the MILK LINE, which runs from axilla to the vulva (eg supernumerary nipples)

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4
Q

what is functional unit of the breast?

A

terminal duct lobular unit(TDLU)

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5
Q

what makes milk?

A

terminal duct lobular unit (TDLU) makes milk, that drains via ducts to the nipple

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6
Q

what 2 layers of epithelium line the lobules and ducts?

A

Luminal (epithelial) cell layer and myoepithelial cell layer

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7
Q

Luminal cell layer lines what? makes what?

A

INNER cell layer lining the ducts and lobules. Responsible for milk production in the lobules.

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8
Q

myoepithelial cell layer lines what? does what?

A

OUTTER cell layer lining ducts and lobules. Responsible for contractile function - propels milk towars the nipple

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9
Q

what is inner layer?

A

Luminal (epithelial) cell layer

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10
Q

what is outer layer?

A

myoepithelial cell layer

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11
Q

breast tissue is sensitive for what?

A

hormones

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12
Q

before puberty breast tissue consists of what?

A

LARGE DUCTS UNDER THE NIPPLE

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13
Q

development after menarche is driven by what?

A

estrogen and progesteron

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14
Q

what happens in response to estrogen and progesterone in/post menarche?

A

lobules and small ducts form and are present in the upper outer quadrant

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15
Q

what is breast symptom during menstrual cycle?

A

breast tenderness, esp. prior menstruation

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16
Q

What happens to breast during pregnancy?

A

breast LOBULES undergo HYPERPLASIA

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17
Q

what drives breast hyperplasia?

A

estrogen and progesterone produced by the corpus lutem (early first trimester), fetus and placenta (later in pregnancy)

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18
Q

what produces hormones in first trimester?

A

estrogen and progesterone by CORPUS LUTEUM

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19
Q

what produces hormones later in preganacy?

A

placenta

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20
Q

what happens to breast tissue after menopause?

A

undergo atrophy

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21
Q

what is mechanism of breast atrophy? from pathoma 1st chapter

A

decr. in stress (decreased hormonal stimulation) -> decrease in organ size (atrophy)

Occurs via decr. in the SIZE and NUMBER of cells

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22
Q

Pathoma 1st chapter. Decrease in cell number occurs via what? (in atrophy)

A

via apoptosis

23
Q

Pathoma 1st chapter. Decrease in cell size occurs via what? (in atrophy)

A
  1. ubiquitin-proteosome degradation of the cytoskeleton
  2. autophagy of cellular cells (generation af autophagic vacuoles -> fusion vith lysosome -> hydrolytic enzymes break down cellular components)
24
Q

what is galactorrhea?

A

milk production outside the lactation

25
Q

is galactorrhea sign of breast cancer?

A

no

26
Q

what causes galactorrhea?

A

nipple stimulation (common physiologic cause), prolactinoma of the anterior pituitary (common pathologic cause), and drugs

27
Q

Causes of galactorrhea. common physiologic cause?

A

nipple stimulation

28
Q

Causes of galactorrhea. common pathologic cause?

A

prolactinoma of the anterior pituitar

29
Q

Acute mastitis. Cause?
definition?

A

bacterial infection of the breast, usually due to staph. aureus

Inflammatin of lobes and surrounding tissue

30
Q

Acute mastitis assoc. with what?

A

breast feeding

31
Q

what breast feeding cause mastitis?

A

fissures develop in the nipple providing a route of entry for microbes

32
Q

Acute mastitis. presentation?

A

erythematous breast with purulent nipple discharge

33
Q

Acute mastitis. May progress to what?

A

Abscess formation

34
Q

Acute mastitis. treatment?

A

Continued drainage (feeding) and antibiotics (eg dicloxacilin)

35
Q

Periductal mastitis. definition?

A

inflammation of the subareolar ducts

36
Q

Periductal mastitis. In what population?

A

in smoker

37
Q

what breast inflammation in smoker?

A

Periductal mastitis.

38
Q

Periductal mastitis in smokers. why?

A

relative vit. A deficiency results in squamous metaplasia of lactiferous ducts, producing blockage and inflammation

,,keratinizing squamous metaplasia –> keratin shed -> plugs ductal system

39
Q

why squamous metaplasia of lactiferous ducts?

A

relative vit. A deficiency in smokers

40
Q

Periductal mastitis presentation?

A

SUBareolar mass with nipple retraction

41
Q

SUBareolar mass with nipple retraction. what disease?

A

Periductal mastitis

42
Q

mammary ductal ectasia. definition?

A

inflammation with DILATION (ectasia) of the subareolar ducts

43
Q

inflammation with DILATION (ectasia) of the subareolar ducts?

A

mammary ductal ectasia.

44
Q

mammary ductal ectasia. prevalence?

A

rare

45
Q

mammary ductal ectasia. in what population?

A

rare. in multiparous postmenopausial women

46
Q

mammary ductal ectasia. presentation?

A

PERIareolar mass with green-brown nipple discharge (inflammatiory debris)

47
Q

PERIareolar mass with green-brown nipple discharge (inflammatiory debris)?

A

mammary ductal ectasia.

48
Q

Mammary ductal ectasia. on biopsy?

A

chronic inflammation with plasma cells is seen on biopsy

49
Q

Fat necrosis. definition?

A

necrosis of breast fat

50
Q

Fat necrosis. related to what?

A

trauma, however, history of trauma may not always be evident.

51
Q

Fat necrosis. presentation?

A

mass on physical exam or abnormal calciification on mammography (due to saphonification)

52
Q

A mass on physical exam or abnormal calciification on mammography (due to saphonification)?

A

Fat necrosis.

53
Q

Fat necrosis. Whats on biopsy?

A

a)Necrotic fat with b)associated calcifications and c)giant cells.

54
Q

a)Necrotic fat with b)associated calcifications and c)giant cells?

A

Fat necrosis.

1 STEP women patho (4 decks)

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