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1 STEP women patho > Breast intro and inflammation 01-20 > Flashcards

Breast intro and inflammation 01-20 Flashcards

1
Q

what is breast?

A

Modified sweat gland

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2
Q

breast embrionically derived from what?

A

from the skin

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3
Q

where can develop breast tissue?

A

anywhere along the MILK LINE, which runs from axilla to the vulva (eg supernumerary nipples)

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4
Q

what is functional unit of the breast?

A

terminal duct lobular unit(TDLU)

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5
Q

what makes milk?

A

terminal duct lobular unit (TDLU) makes milk, that drains via ducts to the nipple

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6
Q

what 2 layers of epithelium line the lobules and ducts?

A

Luminal (epithelial) cell layer and myoepithelial cell layer

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7
Q

Luminal cell layer lines what? makes what?

A

INNER cell layer lining the ducts and lobules. Responsible for milk production in the lobules.

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8
Q

myoepithelial cell layer lines what? does what?

A

OUTTER cell layer lining ducts and lobules. Responsible for contractile function - propels milk towars the nipple

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9
Q

what is inner layer?

A

Luminal (epithelial) cell layer

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10
Q

what is outer layer?

A

myoepithelial cell layer

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11
Q

breast tissue is sensitive for what?

A

hormones

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12
Q

before puberty breast tissue consists of what?

A

LARGE DUCTS UNDER THE NIPPLE

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13
Q

development after menarche is driven by what?

A

estrogen and progesteron

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14
Q

what happens in response to estrogen and progesterone in/post menarche?

A

lobules and small ducts form and are present in the upper outer quadrant

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15
Q

what is breast symptom during menstrual cycle?

A

breast tenderness, esp. prior menstruation

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16
Q

What happens to breast during pregnancy?

A

breast LOBULES undergo HYPERPLASIA

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17
Q

what drives breast hyperplasia?

A

estrogen and progesterone produced by the corpus lutem (early first trimester), fetus and placenta (later in pregnancy)

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18
Q

what produces hormones in first trimester?

A

estrogen and progesterone by CORPUS LUTEUM

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19
Q

what produces hormones later in preganacy?

A

placenta

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20
Q

what happens to breast tissue after menopause?

A

undergo atrophy

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21
Q

what is mechanism of breast atrophy? from pathoma 1st chapter

A

decr. in stress (decreased hormonal stimulation) -> decrease in organ size (atrophy)

Occurs via decr. in the SIZE and NUMBER of cells

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22
Q

Pathoma 1st chapter. Decrease in cell number occurs via what? (in atrophy)

A

via apoptosis

23
Q

Pathoma 1st chapter. Decrease in cell size occurs via what? (in atrophy)

A
  1. ubiquitin-proteosome degradation of the cytoskeleton
  2. autophagy of cellular cells (generation af autophagic vacuoles -> fusion vith lysosome -> hydrolytic enzymes break down cellular components)
24
Q

what is galactorrhea?

A

milk production outside the lactation

25
is galactorrhea sign of breast cancer?
no
26
what causes galactorrhea?
nipple stimulation (common physiologic cause), prolactinoma of the anterior pituitary (common pathologic cause), and drugs
27
Causes of galactorrhea. common physiologic cause?
nipple stimulation
28
Causes of galactorrhea. common pathologic cause?
prolactinoma of the anterior pituitar
29
Acute mastitis. Cause? definition?
bacterial infection of the breast, usually due to staph. aureus Inflammatin of lobes and surrounding tissue
30
Acute mastitis assoc. with what?
breast feeding
31
what breast feeding cause mastitis?
fissures develop in the nipple providing a route of entry for microbes
32
Acute mastitis. presentation?
erythematous breast with purulent nipple discharge
33
Acute mastitis. May progress to what?
Abscess formation
34
Acute mastitis. treatment?
Continued drainage (feeding) and antibiotics (eg dicloxacilin)
35
Periductal mastitis. definition?
inflammation of the subareolar ducts
36
Periductal mastitis. In what population?
in smoker
37
what breast inflammation in smoker?
Periductal mastitis.
38
Periductal mastitis in smokers. why?
relative vit. A deficiency results in squamous metaplasia of lactiferous ducts, producing blockage and inflammation ,,keratinizing squamous metaplasia --> keratin shed -> plugs ductal system
39
why squamous metaplasia of lactiferous ducts?
relative vit. A deficiency in smokers
40
Periductal mastitis presentation?
SUBareolar mass with nipple retraction
41
SUBareolar mass with nipple retraction. what disease?
Periductal mastitis
42
mammary ductal ectasia. definition?
inflammation with DILATION (ectasia) of the subareolar ducts
43
inflammation with DILATION (ectasia) of the subareolar ducts?
mammary ductal ectasia.
44
mammary ductal ectasia. prevalence?
rare
45
mammary ductal ectasia. in what population?
rare. in multiparous postmenopausial women
46
mammary ductal ectasia. presentation?
PERIareolar mass with green-brown nipple discharge (inflammatiory debris)
47
PERIareolar mass with green-brown nipple discharge (inflammatiory debris)?
mammary ductal ectasia.
48
Mammary ductal ectasia. on biopsy?
chronic inflammation with plasma cells is seen on biopsy
49
Fat necrosis. definition?
necrosis of breast fat
50
Fat necrosis. related to what?
trauma, however, history of trauma may not always be evident.
51
Fat necrosis. presentation?
mass on physical exam or abnormal calciification on mammography (due to saphonification)
52
A mass on physical exam or abnormal calciification on mammography (due to saphonification)?
Fat necrosis.
53
Fat necrosis. Whats on biopsy?
a)Necrotic fat with b)associated calcifications and c)giant cells.
54
a)Necrotic fat with b)associated calcifications and c)giant cells?
Fat necrosis.

1 STEP women patho (4 decks)

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