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Breast Sonography > Breast Instrumentation/Technique > Flashcards

Breast Instrumentation/Technique Flashcards

1
Q

An imaging artifact that results in the filling in of cystic structures due to lack of finite beam width

A

Volume Averaging

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2
Q

Approximately what percentage of women will be diagnosed with Breast Cancer?

A

12.4% (1 in 8 women)

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3
Q

Average Speed of Sound in Breast Tissue

A

1450 m/sec

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4
Q

Axial Resolution is equal to:

A

1/2 the spatial pulse length of the transducer being used.

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5
Q

1.5D transducers permit focusing on which plane?

A

Elevation Plane

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6
Q

At what rate is high frequency ultrasound attenuated for soft tissues?

A

0.5 dB/cm/MHz

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7
Q

Best scanning technique when patient presents with nipple discharge

A

Convergent Scanning technique

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8
Q

Are benign breast lesions more easily compressible than malignant?

A

Yes

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9
Q

Do malignant lesions appear larger on elastogram than on grey scale image?

A

Yes

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10
Q

Best frequency for scanning breast ultrasound

A

10.0 MHz

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11
Q

What is system gain?

A

Determines the amount of amplification an echo receives prior to reaching our tv monitor

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12
Q

Vascular flow patterns most suspicious for Breast tumor malignancy

A

Mean flow velocities in the 25-40 cm/sec range on color flow Doppler

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13
Q

Extended field of view imaging results in:

A

Improved interrogation of the chest wall and pleura

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14
Q

Spatial resolution improves with:

A

Increasing transducer frequency

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15
Q

Annotate a Left breast mass located at 7:00, midway between the nipple and periphery in the mid breast.

A

L 7:00 2 B

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16
Q

Most popular breast scanning technique

A

Convergent technique

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17
Q

Why does the “Bayonet Sign” occur

A

The ultrasound system assumes the speed of sound in the tissues being examined is 1540 m/sec

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18
Q

Most significant reason why ultrasound should Not be used as a breast cancer screening tool

A

Ultrasound lacks the detail resolution of mammography

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19
Q

Harmonic Imaging eliminates many artifacts

A

True

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20
Q

Which imaging modality is an adaptation of the Fremitus technique

A

Sonoelastography

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21
Q

What does the TGC control do

A

Adjusts the strength of returning echoes based on the depth from which they originate

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22
Q

Most common method of breast cancer detection

A

Screening mammography

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23
Q

Optimal patient positioning when scanning a parasternal left breast lesion

A

Supine

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24
Q

Ultrasound contrast agents are typically made of encapsulated bubbles of what size?

A

5-7 microns

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25
Q

What is the benefit of Tissue Harmonic Imaging

A

Improved tissue contrast

26
Q

Targeted breast ultrasound is indicated for:

A

Characterization of masses

27
Q

Transducers in the 10-13.5 MHz range can resolve structures of what size?

A

0.2 mm or less

28
Q

What size should stand-off pad thickness be?

A

1cm or less

29
Q

Fat should always appear on ultrasound as what shade of gray

A

Medium

30
Q

What kind of lesion exhibits similar peak systolic velocities and resistivity indices within the center of the mass and the periphery?

A

Benign lesions

31
Q

Orthogonal planes are:

A

90 degrees to each other

32
Q

What percent of lesion compressibility do carcinomas have?

A

Less than 15%

33
Q

Zones 1, 2 and 3 of the breast describe:

A

Distance from the nipple

34
Q

The infiltration zone is best visualized in the:

A

Coronal plane

35
Q

Why does the “Bayonet sign” occur?

A

Because the difference in the speed of sound between breast tissue and the fluid within the cyst

36
Q

What is the infiltrative zone?

A

Jagged infiltration directly surrounding tissues of a tumor

37
Q

3D ultrasound enables:

A

Creation of a coronal plane

38
Q

What can CEUS do?

A

Visualize the neovascularity of breast lesions

39
Q

Advantage of color flow Doppler

A

Ability to assign a specific color to a given velocity

40
Q

How many shades of gray are required for breast imaging in order to delineate the difference in tissue architecture present in solid lesions?

A

At least 256

41
Q

What does the supine, contralateral posterior oblique position do?

A

It renders breast tissue as thin as possible

42
Q

1.5D linear arrays permit dynamic electronic focusing in the slice thickness and image plane, which improves lateral resolution in the:

A

Near field

43
Q

Visual inspection of the breast includes:

A

Skin retraction, dimpling or bulging

44
Q

Breast ultrasound requires a transducer with:

A

10-13.5 MHz frequency, broad bandwidth, linear array, large field of view and dynamic focusing

45
Q

________ resolution is equal to the beam diameter at any point on the ultrasound beam

A

Lateral

46
Q

R 6:00 SA represents:

A

Right Breast, 6:00, Subareolar

47
Q

The artifact that occurs when sound does not travel in a straight line is called:

A

Refraction

48
Q

In silicone Breast implants, the speed of sound is approximately

A

1000 m/s

49
Q

Limitation of power Doppler

A

Inability to provide information about blood flow direction

50
Q

System power

A

Controls the intensity of the beam produced by the transducer. Should be high enough to penetrate the chest wall

51
Q

Speed of sound in breast tissue due to fat

A

1450 m/s positioning echoes deeper than they actually are

52
Q

Ducts would be best visualized when scanning:

A

Radially

53
Q

A method of removing artifacts from the image by viewing the target area from multiple lines of sight is called:

A

Spatial compound imaging

54
Q

The most important prognostic factor for breast cancer

A

Whether or not the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes

55
Q

Should be done in combination with 2D digital breast mammography

A

Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT)

56
Q

What kind of breast cancer treatment reduces radiation to the lungs

A

Brachytherapy

57
Q

According to the ACR, ultrasound may be the preferred initial imaging treatment for:

A

Suspected failed breast implants

58
Q

Power Doppler feature that is an advantage compared to color Doppler

A

It is angle independent

59
Q

Synonyms to sonodense

A

Hyperechoic
Echodense
Sonopaque

60
Q

Synonyms to sonolucent

A

Anechoic
Echolucent

Breast Sonography (5 decks)

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