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Breast Sonography > Anatomy, Clinical Image Production & Evaluation > Flashcards

Anatomy, Clinical Image Production & Evaluation Flashcards

1
Q

It drains blood from the breast to the internal mammary vein

A

Circulus Venosus

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2
Q

They serve to lubricate the nipple and areola during lactation

A

Areolar Glands

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3
Q

Normal lymph nodes are typically wider than deep

A

True

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4
Q

This breast segment extends from the upper outer quadrant of the breast into the axilla

A

Axillary tail of Spence

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5
Q

The milk ejection reflex, contraction of the lactiferous ducts and uterine contraction are processes due to what hormone?

A

Oxytocin

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6
Q

The mammary zone is the most frequent site of breast disease

A

True

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7
Q

What condition is thought to be the primary cause of gynecomastia

A

High concentration of estrogen

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8
Q

The most important route for lymphatic drainage of the breast is:

A

To the axillary nodes via the posterior intercostal nodes

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9
Q

The post menopausal breast is composed primarily of which type of tissue?

A

Fat

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10
Q

Intramammary lymphatic drainage pathways converge at an area located beneath the nipple known as the:

A

Plexus of Sappey

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11
Q

It contains a large number of Cooper’s ligaments

A

The subcutaneous layer of the breast

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12
Q

The internal mammary chain of lymph nodes drains approximately what percent of the breast’s lymph?

A

20%

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13
Q

Breast Sonography is referred to as hyper/hypoechoic in relationship to what structure?

A

Fat

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14
Q

Fatty degeneration of the solid content in the alveoli when lactation begins

A

Colostrum

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15
Q

Hyperechoic, horizontal band that separates the pectoral muscles from the overlying glandular and fatty tissue

A

Deep fascia of the breast

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16
Q

The principal source of blood to the breast is

A

The Internal Mammary Artery

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17
Q

The Ampullae of the lactiferus ducts serve what purpose?

A

Store quantities of milk prior to nursing

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18
Q

Stromal Elements of the breast

A

Loose connective tissue, fat and skin

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19
Q

Approximately how many lobes does each breast contain?

A

15-20

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20
Q

Located between the superficial and retromammary layer

A

Mammary zone

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21
Q

The basic functional component of the human breast

A

The terminal duct lobular unit (TDLU)

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22
Q

Sometimes visible with high frequency US transducers, what could be seen if following ducts from the nipple back to their origin where small hypoechoic spaces may be identified

A

Alveoli

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23
Q

During the 4th week of gestation, the breasts initially develop from the:

A

Ectoderm

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24
Q

Contains sebaceous areolar glands called the glands of Montgomery

A

The Areola

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25
Q

The lymph nodes located medially along the inner aspect of the breast behind the sternum are called:

A

Internal mammary nodes

26
Q

Each TDLU consists of an extra lobular terminal duct and a lobule

A

True

27
Q

The most significant difference between the normal and pathological lymph node is:

A

The presence of an echogenic central hilum

28
Q

Signs of pathological lymph nodes:

A

Cortical hypertrophy
Partial/complete loss of central hilum
Rounding of the node
Cortical flow

29
Q

An extremely dense breast on a mammogram is challenging for the Rad because:

A

Fibrous tissue masks possible lesions

30
Q

A liquid similar to colostrum, which is secreted by the newborn

A

Witch’s Milk

31
Q

What hormone is secreted by the Anterior pituitary gland?

A

Prolactin

32
Q

What hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?

A

Oxytocin

33
Q

Women with extremely dense breast tissue on mammogram have an increased risk of cancer

A

True

34
Q

Milk travels through the ducts commencing with the basic functional unit into?

A

TDLU, segmental ducts, major subareolar ducts, ampulla, nipple

35
Q

Regarding duct ecstasia, Ultrasound may demonstrate ducts as anechoic or with fine internal echoes

A

True

36
Q

Approximate increase in breast cancer detection when US is used as a supplemental screening tool for women with dense breasts

A

40%

37
Q

The glands of Montgomery thicken the:

A

Areola

38
Q

Fat lobules in the subcutaneous layer are larger than the lobules in the retromammary layer

A

True

39
Q

Also known as interpectoral nodes, they lay between the pectoralis minor and major muscles

A

Rotter’s nodes

40
Q

A postmenopausal patient, not on HRT would most likely have which type of breast tissue

A

Fatty breast tissue

41
Q

Male breast cancer risk factors:

A

Advanced age
Radiation exposure to the chest at a young age
Occupational heat exposure
Treatment for prostate cancer w/ estrogen-based hormones leading to hyperestrogenism
Fam history of br ca in first degree relative
BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation

42
Q

If a patient is undergoing HRT, the involution process is:

A

Delayed

43
Q

Blood is supplied to the medial breast via the:

A

Perforating arteries

44
Q

The target zone in the TDLU is the site of what percentage of precancerous epithelial proliferations?

A

50%

45
Q

In a non-lactating patient, ducts should not exceed____ in size

A

2mm

46
Q

The male breast contains no coopers ligaments

A

True

47
Q

Approximately what % of women have mammographically dense breasts?

A

40%

48
Q

The mammary layer is located:

A

Between the superficial and deep layers of the superficial pectoral fascia

49
Q

According to the BI-RADS Lexicon description of breast composition, describe breast composition category C

A

The breasts are heterogeneously dense

50
Q

What is the screening recommendation for transgender women aged 50 or older

A

When the patient is receiving hormone treatment for more than 5 years

51
Q

The most common benign male breast mass:

A

Gynecomastia

52
Q

Milk is produced when prolactin levels are ____ and Estrogen/Progesterone levels are ____

A

High, Low

53
Q

Stromal element of the breast

A

Skin

54
Q

The anastomotic circle of venous drainage around the base of the nipple is aka

A

Circulus Venosus

55
Q

Most common reason to image the male breast

A

Asymmetry or enlargement

56
Q

Which week of gestation does the mammary bud become evident

A

5th week

57
Q

Parenchymal element of the breast

A

Alveoli

58
Q

The junction of the intra (ITD) and extralobular terminal duct (ETD) labeled T is known as the:

A

Target Zone

59
Q

The male breast lacks

A

Acini, lobules and coopers ligaments

60
Q

Parenchymal elements of the breast

A

Lobules, lobes, ducts and acini

61
Q

Stromal elements of the breast

A

Skin, loose connective tissue and fat

Breast Sonography (5 decks)

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