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#Clinical Assesment > Breast Health > Flashcards

Breast Health Flashcards

1
Q

thelarche occurs in what age

A

8-13

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2
Q

menarche is 2-3 years after ________

A

pubarche

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3
Q

tanner stage 1 means what

A

nipple is elevated

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4
Q

tanner stage 2 means what

A

a small mound, glandular tissue in subareolar area

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5
Q

tanner stage 3

A

inc in palpable glandular tissue, inc diameter and pigmentation of areola

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6
Q

tanner stage 4

A

areola further enlarges in a single plane; nipple and areolar forma seperate mound

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7
Q

tanner stage 5

A

development of smoothing with nipple projection

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8
Q

what is the breast

A

modified sebaceous gland within superficial fascia/ chest wall

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9
Q

_______lobules and _____ducts

A

12-20 lubules, 5-10 ducts

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10
Q

what happens as you age

A

glandular tissue involutes, and replaced by fat

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11
Q

what three arteries supply blood to the breast

A

internal mammary, axillary artery, and intercostal arteries

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12
Q

what 4 veins drain the breast

A

axillary, int thoracic, lat thoracic vein, intercostal vein

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13
Q

what two LNs drain the breast, 1ry nodes?

A

axillary (1ry~85%), internal mammary LNs

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14
Q

what are the 4 quadrants of the breast? which contains the tail of spence?

A

UIQ(inner), LIQ, LOQ, UOQ (extends up into axilla contains the tail of spence)

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15
Q

level __ nodes are found on the lateral breast

A

1

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16
Q

level ___ nodes are superior to the breast

A

2

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17
Q

level ___ nodes are superior to the breast near the clavicle

A

3

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18
Q

sentinel LNs are…

A

the LN closest to the tumor

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19
Q

central and lat portion drain into the _____ group

A

anterior

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20
Q

tail of the breast drains into the _____ group

A

posterior

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21
Q

the upper part drains into the apical group of the _____LNs and the ________LNs

A

axillary

lower deep cervical

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22
Q

medial part of the gland drains into ______LNs

A

parasternal

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23
Q

_____% of those with breast CA have no FHx or personal risk factors

A

50%

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24
Q

chance of breast CA inc with ______, most cases are _____yo

A

age

>50yo

25
Q

what are the 7 modifiable risk factors for CA?

A

duration breast feeding, obesity, HRT, nicotine use, ETOH use, sedentary lifestyle, birth control method (BCM)

26
Q

what are the 10 non-modifiable risk factors for CA?

A

age, race, gender, FHx(inherited syndromes or mutations), PMH: breast CA/chest radiation, breast density, atypia on biopsy, duration of unopposed estrogen, age 1st IUP (intrauterine pregnancy)

27
Q

> ____ 1st degree relatives with early breast CA increases the relative risk of breast cancer,

A

> 2 relatives

28
Q

Use of ____ during pregnancy can inc your risk; as well as menarche ____yo

A

DES
<12yo
>55yo

29
Q

PMHx of ____,_____, or _____ CA as well as _____ or exogenous _____ use (such as ____ or ____)

A

ovarian, uterine, or colon CA

exogenous hormone use (HRT or OCT)

30
Q

what is the gail model?

A

calculating the risk of invasive CA in the next 5yrs and overall lifetime risk

31
Q

what are the 3 components of the gail model?

A

> 50yo, no FHx or one member with CA, annual screening mammogram

32
Q

who is the claus method for? 3 components?

A

claus=at risk women

current age, 1st and 2nd degree relatives and age of onset, and family members w/ovarian CA

33
Q

What’s the BRCAPRO model?

A

model for high risk women in a given family; penetration/affected carriers(BRCA 1&2), age of onset 1st and 2nd deg relatives m&f

34
Q

what is HBOC syndrome

A

hereditary breast/ovarian CA, auto dom, brca 1 and 2 mutations

35
Q

_____ is not recommended screening for breast CA

A

BSE - breast self exam - used just for self-awareness

36
Q

_____ negatives are issue with low sensitivity tests

A

false

37
Q

what are the reccomendations for mammogram: <50? 50-74?

A 
<50 = individualized basis
50-74 = Q2 yrs   (or 45-54 annual)
38
Q

what are the 2 views you need for mammography

A

craniocaudal and mediolateral

39
Q

what is tomosynthesis?

A

digital part of mammography; 15 slices in 15 degree sweep (dec false positives, less radiation, and cheaper)

40
Q

what is Bi-rad class 1 and 2?

A

1: negative
2: benign

41
Q

what is Bi-rad class 3

A

prob benign, but suggested short term follow up (<2% malignant)

42
Q

what is Bi-rad class 4

A

suspiscious - biopsy sb considered

43
Q

what is Bi-rad class 5

A

highly suggestive of malignancy (95%)

44
Q

MRI good for…

A

higher sensitivity(for at risk) but less specific

45
Q

For high to moderate risk pts recommended monthy BSE beginning at age ____; annual CBE at age _____; mammogram and MRI at ____-___ yo

A

monthly BSE - 18
annual CBE - 25
MRI - 25-30

46
Q

for chemopreventive treatment use ____ or _____

A

SERMs or Ais (selective estrogen receptormodulators or aromatase inhibitors)

47
Q

_____ pain is reassuring as is the ability to _____ the mass

A

cyclic(menstration)

move

48
Q

extra nipples can develop along the _____ _____ band

A

ectodermal galactic band

49
Q

if you find a nodule/mass you want to note it’s loc via _____ and _____

A

quadrant/clock and distance from nipple

50
Q

name the 7 lymph nodes you need to check

A 
supra/infraclav nodes
pectoral:axillary nodes
lat wall: along the upper humerus
subscapular: post axillary fold
axilla/axillary tail
epitrochlear
51
Q

in men _____ can result from obesity

A

pseudogynecomastia

52
Q

what is mastalgia? 2 types?

A

breast pain that is benign

cyclic: BL nonlocalized w/physiologic nudularity
noncyclic: no menses assoc, UL constant, intermittent, sharp, burning, +/- neck/shoulder pain

53
Q

_____ has methy xanthine which leads to vessel dilation and contributes to mastalgia

A

caffine

54
Q

what is a cyst

A

nonprolif, well defined, round, mobile, soft, usually premenopausal, +/- tender, noskin retraction

55
Q

what is a fibroadenoma

A

nonprolif, discrete round, firm, mobile, and nontender. no skin retration. usually in reproductive years

56
Q

what are the 6 signs of breast CA

A 
solitary mass, usually nonpainful
irreg borders
stony hard
fixed
no variation with menses
\+/- retraction or altered color
57
Q

____________ is skin erythema and thickening d/t CA cells blocking lymphatics

A

peau d’orange

58
Q

________________ is UL scaly vessicular ulcerated lesions at the nipple w/spread to the areola, pruitis, oozing nipple, burning pain

A

paget’s dz of the breast

#Clinical Assesment (5 decks)

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