Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

#Clinical Assesment > Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

What environmental exposures, or lifestyle factors predispose ppl to liver dz

A

meds, enviro toxins(indust w/job), anesthesia, alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

_______ surgery or dz can lead to hepatic dz

A

gallbladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hep ____ travels fecal-oral, d/t contamination

A

Hep A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hep ___ is transfered via fluid contact with mucous membrane (blood, saliva, semen)

A

Hep B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hep ____ is associated with IV drug use, or blood transfusion

A

Hep C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Consider doing a CAGE questionaire if pt reports > ____ drinks per day for over a year

A

4-5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q 
unsafe # for drinks for women = >\_\_\_drinks/day and \_\_\_drinks per week
# for men= >\_\_\_\_ drinks a day and \_\_\_ drinks per week
A

> 3 and >7 per week

> 4 and >14 per week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what # drinks is considered a binge for m vs w

A

> 4 for women, >5 for men in one sitting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hep ___ and ____ have vaccinations; Hep ___ has no vaccination

A

A &B = vaccine

C = NO vaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hep ____ exposure requires you treat sexual contacts

A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are high rsik groups for Hep B

A

IV drug, household contact with + pt, travelers to endemic areas, ppl w/chronic liver dz, HIV +

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Risk factors for colorectal CA

A

inc Age, adenometous polyps, long standing IBD, fam Hx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

“weak” risk factors for colorectal CA

A

obesity, excess ETOH, male, red meat, tobacco use, AA race

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Non-high risk ppl should begin colorectal screening at age ___—____

A

50-75

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

2 options for colorectal screening

A

annual stool tests or endoscopy(colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sigmoidoscopy s/b done every ___ years w/ _____done every 3 years

A

5 years, FOBT done every 3 yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

colonoscopy is done every ___ years

A

10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

As you get older esophageal mobility is diminished which can lead to ____ and _____

A

esophagitis(d/t food stasis), and aspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

as you age you have an increased risk for ____ gastritis and ulcers (d/t delayed gastric emptying)

A

atrophic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

as you get older there is a dec ability to absorb ____ leading to osteoporosis

A

Ca2+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

w/ aging there is reduced anal distention and perception and slowed colonic transit time leading to ____and ____

A

inc constipation and impaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

As you age what happens to the pancreas

A

reduced beta cell response = inc insulin resistance and dec insulin secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what happens to the liver as you age

A

dec hepatic blood flow= dec albumin synth, dec drug elimination. less hepatic extraction of LDL (leads to CAD), gallstones,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Describe visceral pain

A

in the hollow organs, d/t ischemia/stretching, – gnawing cramping, aching, burning. also with n/v sweating and pallor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

describe parietal pain

A

direct irritation of parietal peritoneum; d/t pus, bile, urine, gi secretions. steady and severe pain, aggravated by movement/cough t prefers to lie still

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

LLQ pain (1)

A

sigmoid diverticulitits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

RLQ pain (3)

A

appendicitis, cecal diverticulitis, mesenteric adenitits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

LUQ pain (3)

A

gastritis, splenic do, abcess/rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

RUQ pain

A

cholecistitis/billiary colic, hepatitis, perf duodenal ulcer,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

where can pancreatits be felt

A

RUQ or LUQ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

dyspepsia aka _____ is characterized by (3)

A

indigestion, post prandial fullness, early satiety, epigastric pain/burning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

______ is retrosternal burning aggravated by foods or position

A

heartburn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

_____ + ______ >1x per weeks suspect GERD

A

heart burn + regurgitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Chronic upper abdom pain/discomfort = suggests GERD… what are the red flags? (6)

A 
dysphagia/odynophagia
reccurent vomiting,
early satiety/wt loss
evident GI bleeding/anemia
painless jaundice/palpable mass
PMH or FHx GI cancer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

dysphagia triggered by solids is likely _______

whereas liquids/solids is likely _______

A

structural

a motility issue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what is odynophagia (caused by 2 things)

A

pain when swallowing that can be caused by caustic ingestion or oral infection

37
Q

what is tenesmus

A

rectal cramping/pain, urge to go with little output and straining.

38
Q

hematochezia, what is it indicative of

A

streaking of blood in stool —- likely do to anal bleeding

39
Q

how is bilirubin eliminated

A

processed in the liver and excrete out with bile

40
Q

what is post hepatic jaundice and what 4 things cause it

A

conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, caused by gallstones, biliary tract infxn, pancreatitis, or malignancy

41
Q

what does suprapubic pain indicate

A

bladder distention/UTI, dull pressure-like pain

42
Q

dysuria, w/ urgency, f/c, hesitancy, red stream, straining to void, and/or driblling could indicate (3)

A

bladder iritation/infection, urethritis, prostatitis

43
Q

where is McBurney’s point?

A

just superior to the inguinal ligament

44
Q

very thick looking stretch marks could indicate

A

cushings dz

45
Q

do you perform palpation, percussion or auscultation of the abdomen first?

A

auscultation (to gauge pressure/pain)

46
Q

what are normoactive gut sounds?

A

5-34 clicks/gurgles per min at RLQ most loud

47
Q

what is borborygmi

A

loud gurging often d/t hyper peristalsis

48
Q

liver/spleen friction rubs can be heard with… (4)

A

hepatic carcinoma, splenic infarct, chlamydia or gonococcal perihepititis (Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome)

49
Q

Bruits can be heard with ______ or ________ ; where do you need to listen (4)

A

HTN or PAD

listen at aorta, iliac, renal, and femoral arteries

50
Q

sounds s/b _____ over the liver and _____ above an below

A

dull

resonant

51
Q

normal liver size is

A

6-12cm

52
Q

how do you percuss the spleen

A

at the last ICS percus ant to the axillary line (s/b tympanic), have pt inhale deeply shoudl remain tympanic (if becomes dull then could be splenomegaly)

53
Q

how to distinguish abdominal mass vs abdom wall mass

A

have pt raise crunch, if mass no longer palpable this is an abdominal mass as it is obscured by the ab muscles.

54
Q

what does CVA tenderness indicate (3)

A

pyelonephritis, MSK, or calculi

55
Q

what is the psoas sign and what can it indicate

A

pain on same side with passive/active flexion of hip, on rt side= appendicitis

56
Q

what is the obturator test and what can it indicate

A

pain when flex hip and int rotate knee, appendicitis on the rt side

57
Q

what is rovsing’s sign

A

RLQ pain wiht pressure on the LLQ = appendicitis

58
Q

what is murphy’s sign?

A

hook under the right costal margin and ask pt to inhale = if sudden stop d/t pain could be cholecystitis

59
Q

what are the 3 tests for acities

A

flank dullness, shifting dullness (dull on left bottom when roll to left), and fluid wave test

60
Q

what is the normal size/positioning of the abdom aorta?

A

just left of midline, <3cm

61
Q

appendicitis pain start/end

A

starts at umbilicus and moves to RLQ

62
Q

GERD results from ______ which can be caused by (3)

A

prolonged esoph exposure to gastric acid;

caused by: abnorm LES, esophagus dysfxn motility, or H. pylori infxn

63
Q

what is the timing of GERD pain? what are the 3 aggravators?

A

timing is post prandial

aggravate: supine, bending over, other issues with LES

64
Q

what are 5 poss associated sx of GERD

A

cough, wheeze, hoarse, dysphagia, halitosis

65
Q

what is barretts esophagus

A

change in the cells of esophagus dt GERD, alcoholism, inc risk of CA

66
Q

where can peptic ulcer pain be felt, what’s the quality

A

epigastric and radiation tot he back; gnawing or burning

67
Q

gastic CA/adenocarcinoma, timing of pain, and assoc sx

A

perisitent slowly progressive,

NV, early satiety, wt loss

68
Q

what is acute cholecystitis

A

inflam of gall bladder d/t obstruction at cystic duct by stone

69
Q

acute cholecystitis loc of pain, quality and timing

A

RUQ w/ radiation to rt scapula, steady ache, grad onset

70
Q

what aggravates acute cholecystitis, assoc sx?

A

breathing aggravates

assoc anorexia, nv, and female gender

71
Q

______ often preceeds acute cholecystitis; w/ acute cholecystitis_______ sign is present

A 
billiary collic(cystic/common bile duct obstructed, pain w/fatty foods)
Murphy's is +  = pt can't complete breath
72
Q

Acute vs Chronic Pancreatitis

A

Acute: autodigest, worse supine, better w/forward flexion; assoc: NV distension
Chronic: fibrosis d/t inflam, worse w/etoh and fat meals, pain is intractable(no relief), assoc: foul, fatty, stoolwt loss

73
Q

where is acute pancreatitis felt

A

epigastric radiation to back

74
Q

where is pancreatic CA pain felt, assoc sx?

A

RUQ or LUQ w/radiation to back

jaundice anorexia, wt loss

75
Q

pain of acute diverticulitis is felt as _____ in the _ _Q; what 2 things may be found on PE

A

steady or collicky cramping pain, in the LLQ

may find palpable mass at LLQ and pos rebound tenderness

76
Q

small bowel obstructions have ______ timed pain

A

paroxysmal - which means it comes in sudden severe bursts

77
Q

what does the pt vomit with a high bowel obstruction? low?

A

high: bile or mucus vomit
low: fecal vomit

78
Q

what is obstipation?

A

inability ot pass hard dry stool (late stage of sbo)

79
Q

what is messenteric ischemia? how does it present>

A

small bowel artery occlusion (sup messenteric)

periumbillical then diffuse painfelt as a steady cramping, after meals abrupt onset. vomiting, distension, food fear

80
Q

what infectious agents could cause acute watery stool wiht nv and cramping? (4)

A

giardia, staph, e. coli, rotavirus

81
Q

______, ______, and ______ can cause loose/watery stool with blood/pus cramping, tenesmus, and fever.

A

shigella, salmonella, and campylobacter

82
Q

IBS is due to failed ______

A

motility

83
Q

sigmoid CA causes ___ stools or ….

A

pencil, melana, hematochezia, unexplained anemia

84
Q

chron’s dz is an example of ____

A

inflamm bowel dz

85
Q

____ (5) can cause an increase in urinary freq

A

tumor, stones, infection, scar tissue, or obstruction

86
Q

high volume nocturia could indicate

A

dec renal fxn, HF, cirrhosis, or CVI

87
Q

polyuria suggests

A

diabetes insipidus

88
Q

overflow vs urge incontinence

A

detrusor bladder contractions cannot overcome urethra resistance
urge: detrusor contractions are too strong

#Clinical Assesment (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions