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Women's Health > Breast Disorders > Flashcards

Breast Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Diagnostic or screening mammography?

  • two craniocaudal views
  • two mediolateral oblique views
A

screening

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2
Q

what differentiates screening mammography from diagnostic mammography?

A

additional views

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3
Q

implants are radiolucent or radiopaque?

A

radiopaque

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4
Q

2 reasons for timely evaluation with mammography

A

r/o CA

relieve anxiety

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5
Q

which imaging modality?


inconclusive MMG results

breasts of young women

dense breast tissue
A

US

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6
Q

what imaging modality can differentiate between a solid and cystic mass?

A

US

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7
Q

what type of contrast is used for breast MRI? What labs should be checked?

A

gladolinium, BUN/Cr

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8
Q

What type of bx?

determine if lump is simple cyst or not

A

FNA

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9
Q

what type of bx?

used to obtain samples from larger, solid breast mass

A

core needle bx

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10
Q

Which mastalgia type?

pain fluctuates w. menstrual cycle

Fibrocystic changes

A

cyclical

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11
Q

Which mastalgia type?

pain felt in breast, but originates elsewhere

A

extra-mammary

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12
Q

Mastalgia tx in addition to reassurance…

A

physical support

acetaminophen/NSAIDs

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13
Q

Mastitis is MC in what population?

A

lactating women

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14
Q

Patient presents with:

hard, red, tender swollen area of one breast

Fever

A

mastitis

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15
Q

Mastitis is MC caused by what pathogen…

A

staph aureus

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16
Q

Mastitis is dx via…

A

clinical presentation

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17
Q

2 drugs to tx mastitis

A

dicloxicillin

cephalexin

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18
Q

Can patients continue breast feeding with mastitis?

A

yes

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19
Q

an area of fluctuance on the breast with erythema and tenderness is suggestive of…

A

breast abscess

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20
Q

breast abscess is treated via…

A

I&D

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21
Q

Patient presents with:

-smooth, mobile mass
+/- tenderness
well defined on palation

A

breast cyst

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22
Q

breast cyst is common between what ages?

A

35 and 50

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23
Q

simple breast cysts often need no intervention. But, if sxs present, what should be done?

A

FNA

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24
Q

Complex cysts render increasted risk of malignancy. What should be done?

A

Bx +/- excision

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25
Q

Patient presents with…

  • well-defined, mobile mass
  • firm, nontender
  • increased size w. estrogen and pregnancy
A

fibroadenoma

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26
Q

this is a benign, solid tumor that contains glandular and fibrous tissue.

common in ages 15-35

A

fibroadenoma

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27
Q

what is first line mgmt for fibroadenoma?

A

core needle bx

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28
Q

if fibroadenoma increases in size, what is indicated?

A

excision to r/o malignant change

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29
Q

this is a fibroepithelial tumor that can be classified as benign, borderline, or malignant

A

phyllodes tumor

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30
Q

spontaneous, unilateral single duct nipple d/c is considered _____ discharge

A

pathologic

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31
Q

What is a common cause of pathologic nipple d/c?

A

intraductal papilloma

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32
Q

bilateral, multiple duct d/c associated with stimulation…

A

physiologic d/c

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33
Q

what is a common cause of physiologic d/c?

A

galactorrhea (via prolactinoma)

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34
Q

Psychotropic agents can cause…

A

nipple d/c

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35
Q

2nd leading cause of CA death among women…

A

breast CA

36
Q

2 biggest RFs for breast CA

A

gender, advancing age

37
Q

women with _______ can have up to a 72% risk of developing breast CA in their lifetime…

A

BRCA 1 or BRCA 2

38
Q

men with _____ mutation have higher risk of breast Ca

A

BRCA 2

39
Q

Best time to perform breast exam is during the ____ phase of the menstrual cycle

A

follicular

40
Q

which organization recommends against CBE?

A

ACS

41
Q

which organization recommends CBE every 1-3 years, or annually if ? 40?

A

national comprehensive cancer network

42
Q

which organization suggests clinicians offer CBE with informed, shared decisionmaking?

A

ACOG

43
Q

screening for average risk women should occur via ______ if between ages…

A

mammogram 40-49

44
Q

All women should receive mammogram screening at what age?

A

50+

45
Q

mammogram screening can stop at what age?

A

75

46
Q

frequency of mammography?

A

1-2 years

47
Q

Breast cancer classifications by anatomical origin?

A

lobular/ductal

48
Q

breast cancer classification by hormone receptivity

A

estrogen/progesterone receptor expression

49
Q

what growth factor receptor is part of breast cancer classification?

A

human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)

50
Q

MC clinical presentation of breast CA…

A

palpable mass

51
Q

patient presents with the below, which is concerning for…

skin changes (dimplish, nipple retraction, peau d’orange, etc)

nipple d/c

A

breast CA

52
Q

Lobular and ductal lesions that have not yet penetrated the basement membrane…

A

in situ breast carcinomas

53
Q

does DCIS have potential to invade and progress as cancer?

A

yes

54
Q

on mammography you see clustered pleomorphic calcifications… this is suggestive of…

A

DCIS

55
Q

describe physical exam findings for DCIS

A

WNL

56
Q

can LCIS become invasive cancer if untreated?

A

no

57
Q

does LCIS have any specific findings on mammogram or US?

A

no, usually incidental

58
Q

The below describes treatment for…


Breast conserving surgery
(BCT) with radiation vs.
mastectomy

sentinel lymph node
biopsy

Adjuvant (hormone)
therapy if estrogen (ER) and
progesterone (PR) positive

Tamoxifen , Arimidex
A

DCIS

59
Q

does LCIS require treatment?

A

not in most women

60
Q

does LCIS require treatment?

A

not in most women

61
Q

What is the MC breast malignancy accounting for 80%?

A

infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC)

62
Q

This type of carcinoma MC presents as palpable mass or mamographic abnormality

A

IDC

63
Q

Which type of breast cancer?

bilateral
hormone receptor positive

A

Infiltrating lobular carcinoma

64
Q

A patient presents with:

-Unilateral scaly, raw, vesicular or ulcerated lesion

begins on nipple, spread to areola

+/- bloody d/c

A

paget disease of the breast

65
Q

describe the prodrome of paget disease of the breast…

A

pain, burning, pruritus

66
Q

What type of breast CA?

  • aggressive
  • rare
A

inflammatory breast CA

67
Q

A patient presents with:

  • pain, tender, firm, enlarged breast
  • rapid progression
  • LAD
A

inflammatory breast CA

68
Q

what are the skin changes commonly found with inflammatory breast CA? (3)

A

peau d’orange, erythema, warm

69
Q

mets are common with IBC… T or F?

A

true

70
Q

lymphatic mets spread to…

A

axillary lymph nodes

71
Q

hematogenous mets commonly spread to…

A

lung, liver

72
Q

4 tx options for breast CA…

A

surgery, radiation, chemo, endocrine tx

73
Q

What surgical tx?

part of breast containing CA removed.

A

lumpectomy

74
Q

What surgical tx?

entire breast, nipple, areola removed

A

simple/total mastectomy

75
Q

What surgical tx?

entire breast, nipple, areola removed plus axillary lymph nodes

A

modified radical mastectomy

76
Q

What surgical tx?

entire breast, nipple, areola removed plus axillary lymph nodes and pectoralis muscle

A

radical mastectomy

77
Q

How common is radiation for breast ca?

A

almost always used

78
Q

External beam radiation occurs for what duration?

A

4-7 weeks

79
Q

what type of radiation?

seeds or wires placed in or near the
tumor for shorter time frame (days)

A

brachytherapy

80
Q

What therapy is indicated for:

-primary, metastatic breast CA with lymph node involvement

A

chemo

81
Q

what is given before surgery to shrink tumor size?

A

neoadjuvant

82
Q

What is given after surgery to kill remaining CA cells?

A

adjuvant

83
Q

What two types of breast cancer are responsive to hormone therapy?

A

ER and PR (+)

84
Q

What two drugs can be given as supplement to chemo and radiation for ER/PR (+) breast cancers?

A

tamoxifen (premenopausal)

Anastrazole (postmenopausal)`

85
Q

how long does HT last for breast cancer tx?

A

5-10 years

86
Q

What monoclonal Ab can be used for HER2 breast cancers?

A

herceptin

Women's Health (10 decks)

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