Breast Cancer Flashcards
What proportion of women are affected by breast cancer?
1/10
How many cases of breast cancer are there a year in the UK?
20,000
How does the mortality of breast cancer compare to other cancers?
It is the most common cause of cancer death in females 15-54, and the second most common cause of cancer deaths overall
What % of breast cancer cancers are familail?
10%
By how much does having a first degree relative with breast cancer increase the risk?
2x
What % of cases of breast cancers are associated with BRCA mutations?
5%
What are the risk factors for breast cancer?
Family history Oestrogen exposure Proliferative breast disease with atypia Previous breast cancer Older age
What factor is protective against breast cancer?
Breast feeding
What factors can increase a persons oestrogen exposure?
Early menarche, late menopause
HRT and OCP
First child >35 years
Obesity
What is DCIS/LCIS?
A non-invasive pre-malignant condition
How is DCIS/LCIS discovered?
Microcalcification on mammography
How much does DCIS/LCIS increase the risk of invasive breast cancer?
10x
What are the subtypes of breast cancer?
Invasive ductal carcinoma Invasive lobular Medullary Colloid/mucinous Inflammatory Papillary Phyllodes tumour
What is the most common subtype of breast cancer?
Invasive ductal carcinoma
What % of breast cancers are invasive ductal carcinoma?
70%
How does a invasive ductal carcinoma feel on palpation?
Hard (scirrhous)
What % of breast cancers are invasive lobular?
20%
Who do medullary breast cancers affect?
Younger patient
How do medullary breast cancers feel on palpation?
Soft
Who do colloid/mucinous breast cancers affect?
Elderly
What are the features of inflammatory breast cancers?
Pain
Erythema
Swelling
Peau d’orange
What is a Phyllodes tumour?
Stromal tumour
How does a Phyllodes tumour present?
Large, non-tender, mobile lump
How can breast cancer spreadd?
Direct extension
Lymph
Blood
Where might breast cancer spread by direct extension?
Muscle and/or skin
What are the signs of lymphatic involvement in breast cancer?
P’eau d’orange
Arm oedema
Where does breast cancer commonly spread to in the blood?
Bones
Lungs
Liver
Brain
How does breast cancer that has spread to bones present?
Bone pain
Increased calcium
Fractures
How does breast cancer that has spread to lungs present?
Dyspnoea
Pleural effusion
How does breast cancer that has spread to brain present?
Headache
Seizures
How does breast cancer that has spread to the liver present?
Abdominal pain
Hepatic impairment
How often is breast cancer screening done?
Every 3 years from 50-70
What views are taken in breast cancer screening?
Craniocaudal and oblique views
By how much does breast cancer screening reduce breast cancer death?
25%
What is the false negative rate of breast cancer screening?
10%
How might breast cancer present?
Lump
Skin changes
Nipple problems
Symptoms of mets
Presentation through screenin
What is the most common presentation of breast cancer?
Lump
Is the lump in breast cancer painful or painless?
Painless
Should elliot buy mollie a present for making all the brainscape cards?
Yes
What % of breast cancer lumps occur in the upper outer quadrant?
50%
What skin changes might be seen in breast cancer?
Paget’s
Peau d’orange
What is Paget’s skin change in breast cancer?
Persistent eczema
What nipple problems might breast cancer present with?
Discharge
Inversion
What symptoms of mets might breast cancer present with?
Pathological fractures
Abdominal pain
SOB
Seizures
What are the differential diagnoses of breast cancer?
Cysts
Fibroadenomas
DCIS
Duct ectasia
When is a triple assessment required?
For any breast lump