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Path Exam 3 Shuffled > Breast Cancer > Flashcards

Breast Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

describe the presentation of the condition seen in the image

A

mobile, non-tender lump

well-delineated

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2
Q

list the lesions that affect the intralobular stroma

A
  • fibroadenoma
  • phyllodes tumor
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3
Q

in the condition seen in the image, women of ____ age present with ____

A

in the condition seen in the image, women of reproductive age present with bilateral cyclical mastalgia (pain during menstrual cycle)

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4
Q

list risk factors for male gynecomastia

A
  • cirrhosis
  • Klinefelter syndrome (XXY)
  • anabolic steroids
  • testicular neoplasms
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5
Q

the condition seen in the image is caused by loss of ____

A

the condition seen in the image is caused by loss of outer myoepithelial cells

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6
Q

medullary carcinoma has a ____ appearance which is identical to ___ and ____

A

medullary carcinoma has a fried-egg appearance which is identical to dysgerminoma of ovaries and seminoma of testes

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7
Q

acute mastitis usually occurs when ____ and is usually caused by ____

A

acute mastitis usually occurs when breastfeeding and is usually caused by Staph (small localized, under nipple)

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8
Q

list the risk factors for breast carcinoma in males

A
  • reduced testicular function
  • XXY karyotype
  • 1st degree relatives with breast cancer
  • BRCA2 mutation
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9
Q

the condition seen in the image is caused by an ____ response to ____

A

the condition seen in the image is caused by an exaggerated response to estrogen

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10
Q

the condition seen in the image is (unilateral or bilateral)?

A

the condition seen in the image is bilateral

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11
Q

the condition seen in the image is derived from ____ which are lined by ____

A

the condition seen in the image is derived from lactiferous ducts which are lined by inner cuboidal & outer myoepithelial cells

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12
Q

in the condition seen in the image, a complication is invasion of ____ due to absence of ___ which is most commonly seen in ____

A

multiple papillomas (multifocality) → papillomatosis → increased chance of malignant transformation → papillary carcinoma of the breast

in the condition seen in the image, a complication is invasion of the fibrovascular core due to absence of myoepithelial cells which is most commonly seen in post-menopausal women

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13
Q

acute mastitis can also be less commonly caused by ____ which causes ____ and heals (with or without?) a scar

A

acute mastitis can also be less commonly caused by Strep which causes inflammation of the whole breast with marked swelling/tenderness

heals without a scar

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14
Q

describe the presentation of Paget’s disease

A

older women with unilateral nipple changes (crusting, oozing, hyperemia, ulceration, fissure)

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15
Q

the condition seen in the image leads to obstruction of ____ with intact single ____

A

the condition seen in the image leads to obstruction of lactiferous duct with intact single outer myoepithelial layer

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16
Q

the condition seen in the image has a potential transformation to ___ due to absence of ____

A

the condition seen in the image has a potential transformation to papillary carcinoma due to absence of outer myoepithelial cells

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17
Q

____ is the major prognostic factor for breast cancer; in the absence of this, ____ is the most important, followed by ____

A

distant metastasis is the major prognostic factor for breast cancer; in the absence of this, axillary lymph node status is the most important, followed by size

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18
Q

list the lesions that affect the large ducts

A
  • duct ectasia
  • squamous metaplasia of lactiferous ducts
  • large duct papilloma
  • Paget disease
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19
Q

the most important predisposing factor for breast cancer in elderly women is ____

A

the most important predisposing factor for breast cancer in elderly women is AGE

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20
Q

on physical exam of a patient with the condition in the image, the breast would feel ____

A

on physical exam of a patient with the condition in the image, the breast would feel “lumpy bumpy”

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21
Q

on excision biopsy of the condition seen in the image, what is seen?

A
  • pericanalicular = loos fibroblastic stroma with irregularly shaped duct-like spaces lined by epithelial cells
  • intracanalicular = loose fibroblastic stroma with ducts compressing to slit-like epithelial lined spaces
22
Q

____ can clinically and histologically mimic carcinoma

(seen in the image)

A

sclerosing adenosis can clinically and histologically mimic carcinoma

23
Q

describe the malignant form of the condition seen in the image; it invades ____

A

atypia, mitotic figures, stromal hypercellularity

it invades the INTERlobular stroma

24
Q

describe the presentation of the condition seen in the image

A

unilateral sub-areolar mass with serous/bloody discharge in women 35-55 years old

25
describe the basal-like type of the condition seen in the image
triple negative (ER - /PR - /Her2neu -) associated with BRCA1 high grade and metastasize to brain
26
list the lesions that affect the **interlobular stroma**
* fat necrosis * lipoma * fibromatosis * sarcoma
27
describe the 2 patterns seen in the condition in the image
* **Indian file pattern** (malignant cells in stroma): single file of tumor cells, round, uniform * **Bull's eye pattern**: tumor cells around normal acini & ducts * can produce Krukenberg (signet ring cells in both ovaries)
28
on transillumination of a specific type of the condition seen in the image, ____ can be seen
on transillumination of a specific type of the condition seen in the image, **blue-domed cyst** can be seen
29
describe the comedo type of the condition seen in the image
high-grade cells with necrotic center & dystrophic calcification
30
the condition seen in the image usually occurs in ____ women
the condition seen in the image usually occurs in **post-menopausal (\>50 yrs)** women
31
in the condition seen in the image, mammography may show \_\_\_
in the condition seen in the image, mammography may show **microcalcification in concretions of secretions** or **necrosis of epithelial cells** (potentially mistaken for carcinoma)
32
the origin of the condition seen in the image is \_\_\_\_
the origin of the condition seen in the image is **the intralobular stroma**
33
in the condition seen in the image, ___ makes it grow bigger and regresses at \_\_\_\_
in the condition seen in the image, **estrogen** makes it grow bigger and regresses at **menopause**
34
a galactocele is a cystic dilatation of ___ during \_\_\_
a galactocele is a cystic dilatation of **obstructed duct** during **lactation**
35
in the condition seen in the image, ____ is seen on mammography
in the condition seen in the image, **popcorn calcification** is seen on mammography
36
the condition seen in the image can undergo ___ spread, and therefore there is no \_\_\_\_
the condition seen in the image can undergo **hematogenous** spread, and therefore there is no **lymphadenopathy**
37
list the lesions that affect the **lobules and terminal ducts**
* cyst * sclerosing adenosis * small duct papilloma * hyperplasia * atypical hyperplasia * carcinoma
38
describe the Her2 positive type of the condition seen in the image
poorly differentiated, high frequency of brain metastasis
39
describe the pathogenesis of duct ectasia what occurs after healing?
inspissated secretion → dilatation → **rupture, causing plasma cells, histiocytes, giant cells, granulomas** after healing = induration, **nipple retraction**
40
on biopsy of the simple form of the condition in the image, there is \_\_\_\_
on biopsy of the simple form of the condition in the image, there is **double layer of cells; ducts are distended & apocrine metaplasia with eosinophilic cytoplasm**
41
on biopsy of the proliferative form of the condition seen in the image, what is seen?
* proliferative: **inner cuboidal cells** (respond to estrogen) → **multilayering**
42
the most important predisposing factor for breast cancer in **middle-aged women** is \_\_\_\_
the most important predisposing factor for breast cancer in **middle-aged women** is **FAMILY HISTORY**
43
male gynecomastia presents as \_\_\_\_\_ while on histology, there is \_\_\_\_\_
male breast cancer presents as **button-like beneath areola** while on histology, there is **intraductal hyperplasia**
44
the condition seen in the image can cause Paget's disease, which is when ____ migrate \_\_\_\_
the condition seen in the image can cause Paget's disease, which is when **Paget/Toker cells (hyperchromatic nucleus, perinuclear halo & mucin filled cytoplasm)** migrate **retrograde to the nipple**
45
the condition seen in the image has a \_\_\_-like appearance
the condition seen in the image has a **leaf**-**like appearance**
46
the condition seen in the image lacks ___ and therefore leads to ____ cells
the condition seen in the image lacks **E-cadherin** and therefore leads to **discohesive** cells
47
the origin of the condition seen in the image is \_\_\_\_, which is similar to \_\_\_\_
the origin of the condition seen in the image is **intralobular stroma** which is similar to **fibroadenoma**
48
a poor prognosis for breast cancer is ___ positive since ___ cannot cross the BBB
a poor prognosis for breast cancer is **Her2/Neu** positive since **Herceptin** cannot cross the BBB
49
the origin of the condition seen in the image is the \_\_\_\_
the origin of the condition seen in the image is the **terminal duct lobular unit**
50
describe the 2 types of the condition seen in the image
* _simple/non-proliferative_ = no malignant potential * _proliferative_ = epithelial hyperplasia → malignant potential * ductal = one duct is proliferating * lobular = all ducts in lobule are proliferating * sclerosing adenosis = fibrosis of INTRAlobular stroma & pathological adenosis of terminal duct lobular unit
51
mucinous (colloid) carcinoma is associated with \_\_\_\_
mucinous (colloid) carcinoma is associated with **solid/non-invasive papillary carcinoma**
52
in the condition seen in the image, the ____ are "gatekeepers" for the \_\_\_\_
in the condition seen in the image, the **outer myoepithelial cells** are "gatekeepers" for the **fibrovascular core**

Path Exam 3 Shuffled (9 decks)

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