Breast Cancer Flashcards
Breast cancer most commonly occurs in what race?
Caucasian
Earliest sign of breast cancer seen on mammography?
microcalcifications
Three factors in risk of cancer in order:
- gender
- age (>50years)
- family history
Li-Fraumeni Syndrome
rare autosomal dominant disorder greatly increasing risk of developing several kinds of cancer
Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH)
identified on breast bx, increases risk for breast cancer
When is nipple discharge likely a benign finding?
whitish, greenish, or yellow, produced by several ducts
Benign changes in breast that may appear malignancy sonographically: (6)
- scar tissue
- diabetic mastopathy
- fat necrosis
- radial scar
- sclerosing adenosis
- granular cell tumors
Characteristics of spiculated carcinomas:
- mildly invasive
- low number of tumor cells
- water poor composition
- reduced sound transmission -shadowing
- not especially hypervascular
Characteristics of circumscribed carcinomas:
- highly invasive
- high number of tumor cells
- water rich composition
- increased sound transmission-enhancement
- hypervascular
The greater the peripheral vascularity, the _____ the cancer.
more agressive
Describe properties of multicentric tumor formation:
- multiple tumors in different quadrants
- tumor formation in both breasts
- tumors separated by more than 5cm
Describe properties of multifocal tumor formation:
- multiple tumors within same area, quadrant , or ductal system
- tumors separated by less than 5 cm
- more common than multicentric formations
- better prognosis than multicentric
What is ductal extension?
mass invasion of a single peripheral duct directed toward nipple
What is branch pattern?
mass invasion of multiple peripheral ducts directed away from nipple
Which carcinoma is actually not a cancer?
Lobular Carcinoma in Situ is actually a lobular neoplasm