Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Oncology > Breast Cancer 🎀 > Flashcards

Breast Cancer 🎀 Flashcards

(44 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Risk Factors of Breast Cancer

A
  1. Age
  2. Inherited gene mutation BRCA1/2
  3. Overweight
  4. Alcohol
  5. Combined hormonal contraception
  6. Radiotherapy
  7. Smoking
  8. Food
  9. Race
  10. Age at first birth of first child
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does BRCA stand for?

A

BReast CANCER gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

BRCA1 and BRCA2 normal role…

A

Tumour suppressor genes
Ie. Encode proteins involved in DNA repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Genetic mutations in BRCA1 or 2 cause…

A
  1. Germ-line mutations
  2. A lack of functional DNA repair protiens
  3. Breast cancer predisposing mutations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Luminal A …

A

HER2- / HR+

= Most favourable prognosis due to response of hormone therapy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Luminal B…

A

HER+ / HR+

= Poorer prognosis than Luminal A.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

HER2- enriched …

A

HER2+ / HR-

= Poorer prognosis than HR+ but improving after development of targeted therapies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Triple negative BC (TNBC) and
Basal Like BC (BLBC) ….

A

HER2- / HR-
=poorest prognosis, most aggressive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cytotoxic Drugs for BC…

A
  1. Anthracyclines (doxorubicin, epirubicin)
  2. Alkylating agents (cyclophosphamide)
  3. Taxane (dovetail, paclitaxel)
  4. Platinums (carboplatin)
  5. Antimetabolites (flurouracil, methotrexate, capecitabine)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

SERMS
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators… selectivity for?

A

Tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Objectives of SERMS (selective estrogen receptor modulators) … ×2

A
  1. Anti-estrogenic at breast &/or endometrium = inhibit tumour growth
  2. Estrogenic at other tissues (ie. Bone, liver, lipid, endrometriun)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name SERMS drugs (×2) ….

A
  1. Tamoxifen
  2. Endoxifen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

SERMS… Tamoxifen and endoxifen,
which drug has more affinity for ER?

A

Endoxifen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

MOA of Aromatase inhibitors

A

Inhibit estrogen production,
By stopping conversion of androgens to estrogen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Who are Aromatase Inhibitors indicated for?

A

Mainly POST- menopausal woman.

In PRE- menopausal, use WITH ovarian suppression (ie. GOSERELIN - Gonadotrophin- releasing hormone agonist).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name AROMATASE INHIBITOR drugs…

A
  1. Anastrozole
  2. Letrozole
  3. Exemestane (steroidal AI)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Estrogen Receptor Antagonists MOA:

A

Competitively binds to ERs on cancer cells inhibiting Receptor dimerization = ER down-regulate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Estrogen Receptor Antagonists, indicated for?

Study These Flashcards
A

POST menopausal
… if disease progresses following use of SERMS

+ for ER+ advanced/metastatic.

19
Q

Name Estrogen Receptor Antagonists…

Study These Flashcards
A

Fulvestrant
(Fulvestrol)

20
Q

ER Antagonist
Fulvestrant used in combo with?

Study These Flashcards
A

Targeted therapies
CDK 4/6 Inhibitors

21
Q

Why do we NOT dose Tamoxifen (SERM) based on CYP2D6?

Study These Flashcards
A

No CYP2D6 guided dosing as…
Only 20-40% of variability in Endoxifen level is explained by CYP2D6 phenotype.

22
Q

Drug switch in POST menopausal?

Study These Flashcards
A

Use of AI’s in post-menopausal is favoured over Tamoxifen monotherapy.

*extended adjuvant endocrine therapy with AIs beyond 5 years =
Reduced secondary breast cancer occurrence
BUT MORE toxicity.

23
Q

Targeted therapy

Name
Cyclin-dependant Kinase 4 & 6 (CDK4/6) Inhibitors ….

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Palbociclib
  2. Ribociclib
  3. Abemaciclib
24
Q

TT:
Name
mTOR kinase …

25
TT: HER signalling pathway Name HER2 monoclonal antibody ...
Trastuzumab Pertuzumab
26
TT: HER signalling pathway Name COMBO: HER2 Receptor targeting with antibody-drug conjugate (ADC)...
- Trastuzumab - emtansine or T-DM1 (Kadcyla) - Trastuzumab - deruxtecan (Enhertu)
27
Name Tyrosine kinase (TK) ....
Lapatinib (tykerb) Neratinib (nerlynx)
28
MTOR kinase Inhibitors Indicated for?
HR+ and HER2- adv. Breast cancer in POST menopausal after failure of treatment with letrozole abd anastrozole. BOLERO-2 trial: everolimus + exemestane
29
HER signalling pathway and Tyrosine kinases - Receptor family?
ErbB family of Receptor Tyrosine kinases (RTKs) > ErbB2/HER2
30
HER2 activation results in cancer cell proliferation via... (×2)
1. MAPK ( RAS, RAF, MEK, ERK) pathway 2. PI3K / AKT / MORE pathways
31
HER2 monoclonal antibody: Trastuzumab MOA
Binds to HER2 extracellular domain, and inhibits kigand- independent HER2 signalling.
32
HER2 monoclonal antibody Pertuzumab MOA?
HER2 Receptor dimerisation inhibitor. Binds to the dimerisation site in the HER2 domain abd orients ligand- mediated pairing of HER2 with other HER2 Receptors (HER3) by steric hindrance.
33
Which drug has complementary action to trastuzumab? (Favourable combo)
Trastuzumab- taxane + PERTUZUMAB
34
Trastuzumab-emtasine (aka. T-DM1 or kadycla) Indicated for?
2nd line for HER2+ And 1st line for HER2+ metastatic patients unsuitable for taxane based therapy
35
Trastuzumab deruxtecan (enhertu) Indicated for?
Metastatic BC. Who have recieved 2+ prior anti-HER2 based regimes. **deruxtecan is 10× more potent thN SN-38
36
Targeted therapy: Tyrosine Kinases (TKs) for HER2+ Name ×2
1. Lapatinib (tykerb) 2. Naratinib (nerlynx)
37
Tyrosine kinase LAPATINIB MOA
Dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor of HER2 Binds thr intracellular adenosine triphosphate binding domain of HER1 and HER2 and results in cell signalling inhibition.
38
Tyrosine kinase Neratinib MOA
Irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets the human HER1 (EGFR) HER2 HER4
39
Targeted therapy Trop2. Receptor (Trophoblast Cell Surface Antigen 2 (Trop2) targeting with an ADC NAME
Sacituzumab govitecan (Trodelvy)
40
Trop2 Receptor Sacituzumab govitecan Indicated for?
Patients with unrepeatable locally advanced or metastatic triple-negative BC.
41
PARP proteins (DNA damage repair) Moa
Tumour collaboration with a mutated BRCA gene have trouble repairing damaged DNA -> blocking PARP proteins cancer cell death
42
TT with BRCA gene mutations What is BRCA?
BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes protect against BC.
43
Name meds (2) for BRCA gene mutations patients
Olaparib Tazoparib
44
Immune checkpoint Inhibitors PD-L1 blocked by
Atezolizumab + nab- paclitaxel

Oncology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions