Breast Ca Flashcards
Risk factors for breast cancer
Female
Age
Genetic:
1st degree relative with breast cancer esp if relative was premenopausal
Mutations in Brca 1&2
Hormonal:(increased estrogen exposure)
Early menarche
Nulliparous or first preggo after 30 years(pregnancy suppress estrogen)
Late menopause
Describe ductal carcinoma in situ
80% non palpable
Detected using mammogram
Precursor to malignancy (35% risk in 10 years)
Tx for ductal carcinoma in situ
BCS, mastectomy if large area, tamoxifen as adjuvant treatment, chemo not necessary
What is the most common breast cancer
Invasive ductal carcinoma
Tx of invasive ductal carcinoma
Initial work up: cxr, ct liver, lfts, bone scan
Lumpectomy, MRM
What is ductal carcinoma in situ that invades the nipple
Paget disease
How does paget disease present
Unilateral, red, bleeding, eczematous lesion of nipple areola complex.
What is the most aggressive form of breast cancer
Inflammatory carcinoma
Presents with all features of inflammation
Peau dorange indicates advanced disease (3b-4)
List 5 features that indicate locally advanced breast cancer (ie necessitate palliative care)
Fixed to skin
Fixed to underlying muscle
Skin ulceration/erythema over tumour
Satellite nodules (Satellite nodules are defined as well-circumscribed. accessory malignant foci clearly separated from the main tumor with identical histologic characteristics)
Peau dorange (dermal infiltration )
Radiological imaging of choice for breast cancer
Bilateral DIAGNOSTIC mammogram of over 35
Ultrasound if younger than 35
What are the mammographic findings consistent with a breast malignancy
Linear micro-calcifications
Branched microcalcifications
Spiculated lesions
Well circumscribed mass
Distorted architecture
What tumor markers are raised in breast cancer
CA 15-3
CA 27-29
CEA
