Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Path E3 > Breast > Flashcards

Breast Flashcards

1
Q

Vulvitis

A

Inflammation of the external female genitalia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Vaginitis

A

Inflammation of the vaginal canal

Results in production of vaginal discharge

-bacteria, fungus, parasitic organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

_______ or _____ can predispose patients to vaginitis

A

Diabetes

Systemic antibiotic therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cervix acts as

A

Barrier to the ingress of vaignal microflora into the uterus

Escape of mistrial flow
Diabetes to accommodate childbirth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Diseases of the cervical

A

Inflammatory (cervicitis)

Neoplastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cervicitis symptoms

A

Cervical inflammation is common can result in purple tooth vaginal discharge

May represent a specific infection (STD)

Often nonspecific infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cervical cancer (squamous cell carcinoma )

A

Deaths have decreased due to Pap smear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Papanicolaou smear

A

A screening test that detects precancerous cell

-Exfoliated cells collected from the cervix followed by special stain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pap smear co screens for

A

High risk HPV subtypes in abnormal smears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Colposcopy

A

Direct examination procedure that provides n illuminated magnified view of the cervic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cervic abnormalities appear as

A

White patches following application of acetic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Nearly all cases of squamous cell carcinoma arise from

A

Precursor epithelial changes : cervical intraepithelaila neoplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Do all CIN progress to cancer

A

Nope but many do

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Epithelial dysplasia

A

Cytologic and maturational disturbances of epithelium seen microscopically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

CIN stages

A

I-Mild dysplasia
II-Moderate dyspalsia
III-Carcinoma in situ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

HIgh risk HPV

A

16, 18

Associated with cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Low Risk HPV types

A

6, 11

Associated Condyloma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

HPV Risk factors

A

Early age at first intercourse
Multiple sex partners
Male partners with multiple previous sexual partners
Prolonged infection with high risk HPV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Myometrium

A

Muscular wall of the uterus

Composed of interlacing bundles of smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Endometrium

A

Glandular lining of the uterus

Changes under hormonal influence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Menorrhagia

A

Abnormally heavy menstrual bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Metrorrhagia

A

Bleeding between menstruated cycles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Dysmenorrhea

A

Unusually painful menstrual bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Functional endometrium

A

Located outside the uterus which undergoes cycling bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Intrapelvic bleeding and organization of blood leads to

A

Widespread fibrosis and periuterine adhesions

-results in sever dysmenorrhea and pelvic pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Large blood filled cysts on the ovaries transform to

A

Chocolate cysts as the blood ages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Endometrial hyperplasia

A

Overgrowth of endometrium

28
Q

Endometrial hyperplasia results from

A

Excess exposure to estrogen

29
Q

Endometrial hyperplasia risk factors

A

Obesity
Hormone intake
Failure to ovulate
Estrogen producing ovaraian tumors

30
Q

Endometrial hyperplasia may progress to

A

Adenocarcinoma

-Mild moderate atypical hyperplasia

31
Q

Tumors of the uterus may arise from ______ or _______

A

Endometrium or muyometirum a

32
Q

All tumors of the uterus produce

A

Abnormal uterine bleeding

33
Q

Most common tumors of the uterus

A

Endometrial polyps
Smooth muscle tumors
Carcinomas

34
Q

Leiomyoma (Fibroids)

A

Benign tumor of myometrial smooth muscle

-most common benign tumor in females

35
Q

Leiomyoma (Fibroids) growth stimulated by

A

Estrogens; regress after menopause

36
Q

Leiomyoma (Fibroids) may be totally asymptotic but can cause

A

Menorrhagia
Palpable pelvic mass
Infertility

37
Q

Endometrial Carcinoma most common

A

Female genital tract cancer in US

55-65 years

38
Q

Endometrial Carcinoma associated with

A

estrogen excess/endometrial hyperplasia

39
Q

Endometrial Carcinoma symptoms include

A

Leukorrhea and irregular bleeding

40
Q

Disorders of the ovaries

A

Non-neoplastic cysts of the ovaries are common but not generally a serious problem

Neoplasia

41
Q

Polycystic Ovarian Diseae

A

Common hormonal disorder of females of reproductive age

42
Q

Polycystic Ovarian Diseae multiple cystic follicles in ovaries produce

A

Excess androgens and estrogens

43
Q

Polycystic Ovarian Disease presents with

A 
Oligomenorrhea
Hirsuitism
Acne
Fertility problems
Obesity
-Increased risk for type II diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease
44
Q

Ovarian Carcinoma mutations of

A

BRCA genes

BRCA1 BRCA2= increase risk for breast and ovarian cancer

45
Q

90% of ovarian cancer arise from

A

Surface epithelial cells

46
Q

Risk factors for ovarian cancer

A

Nulliparity and family history

47
Q

Teratoma

A

Tumor of all 3 germ layers

First 2 decades of life

90% benign

48
Q

Teratoma when malignant

A

Younger patient

49
Q

Breast Pathology

A

Extremely common
Palpable nodules or masses
Most are benign
Must differentiate from malignancy

50
Q

Fibrocystic change (breast) arise during

A

Reproductive years

51
Q

Fibrocystic change (breast) exaggeration and distortion of

A

Normal cyclic breast changes occurring with mestraution

52
Q

Fibrocystic change (breast) characterized by

A

Overgrowth of fibrous stroma and or glandular elements

53
Q

Fibroadenoma (breast)

A

Most common benign neoplasm of breast

54
Q

Fibroadenoma (breast)presents in

A

Prepubertal girls and young women; Preakness prevalence in 3rd decade

Results in increased estrogen

55
Q

Fibroadenoma (breast) size

A

1-10 cm
Freely movable nodule
Solitary
Discrete

56
Q

Fibroadenoma (breast)biopsy shows

A

Proliferation of stroma and glands

57
Q

Breast cancer arise from

A

Glandular elements of the breast

2nd leading cause of cancer related death in women

58
Q

Breast cancer mostly affect

A

Women after 50 (75%)

59
Q

Breast Carcinoma Etiology

A

Genetics
Hormonal Influences
Environmental Variables

60
Q

______ of all breast cancers are related to inherited mutations

A

10%

BRCA1 BRCA2

61
Q

Where is breast cancer most often seen

A

Upper outer quadrant

62
Q

Highest mortality breast cancer quadrant

A

Lower medial

63
Q

Breast carcinoma detection

A

Discrete non-tender mass
Adherence to overlying skin may result in nipple reaction
Thickened overlying skin resembles surface of orange

64
Q

2 categories of breast carcinoma

A

Ductal
Lobular carcinoma

Both have pre-invasive stages

65
Q

Carcinoma survival

A

50%

Metastasis May occur many years after apparent therapeutic control of primary lesion

Path E3 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions