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Finals Revision > Breast > Flashcards

Breast Flashcards

1
Q

Discrete, mobile painless lump

A

Fibroadenoma

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2
Q

What breast condition is known as a ‘breast mouse’?

A

Fibroadenoma

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3
Q

How is a fibroadenoma treated?

A

Watch and wait - majority will get smaller

Can do lumpectomy if >3cm

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4
Q

‘Lumpy tender breasts, especially just before period is due’

A

Fibrocystic breast disease

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5
Q

How is fibrocystic breast disease managed?

A

Reassurance, Analgesia, Good fitting bra, Warm compresses, Evening Primrose Oil

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6
Q

‘Painful hot red swelling in breast’

A

Breast abscess

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7
Q

Who normally get breast abscesses?

A

Breastfeeding women

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8
Q

What organism commonly causes breast abscesses?

A

Staph Aureus

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9
Q

How are breast abscesses treated?

A

Antibiotics +/- drainage

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10
Q

What breast condition commonly presents as ‘bloody/serous nipple discharge’?

A

Duct papilloma

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11
Q

What breast condition presents as a tender lump and green nipple discharge?

A

Duct ectasia

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12
Q

What predisposes to mammary duct ectasia?

A

Smokers

Peri-menopause

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13
Q

What breast condition presents as a hard irregular lump with a history of trauma to the area?

A

Fat Necrosis

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14
Q

What condition can mimic breast cancer on mammogram?

A

Sclerosing adenosis

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15
Q

What are some hormonal causes of gynaecomastia?

A 
Teratomas (BHCG)
Adrenal tumours (oestrogens)
Acromegaly (GH)
Prolactinoma (PRL)
Cushings (cortisol)
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16
Q

What are some metabolic causes of gynaecomastia?

A

Hyperthyroidism
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Cirrhosis
Alcoholism

17
Q

What are some drug causes of gynaecomastia?

A 
Digoxin
Cannabis
Spironolactone
Diamorphine
Vincristine
18
Q

How does breast cancer present?

A

Hard, irregular fixed breast lump
May or may not be mastalgia
May be nipple discharge/inversion
Skin changes (tethering, orange peel)

19
Q

What are the 3 aspects of the triple assessment?

A

Clinical history and examination
Imaging
Biopsy

20
Q

What imaging assessment is done?

A

Over 35s - mammogram +/- USS

Under 35s and men - USS (more dense breast tissue)

21
Q

What is the commonest type of breast cancer?

A

Ductal

22
Q

What is the cancer referred to if it has no spread further than local tissue?

A

‘In-Situ’ - e.g. ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)

23
Q

What is Paget’s disease?

A

Eczematoid change of the nipple, which often signifies an underlying ductal malignancy

24
Q

What hormone receptors should be tested in someone diagnosed with breast cancer?

A

E2 (oestrogen)
Her2
Progesterone

25
Q

What should women under 50 with triple negative breast cancer be offered?

A

BRCA screening

26
Q

What are some risk factors for breast cancer?

A

BRCA, family history, early menarche, late menopause, nulliparity, HRT, COCP, past breast cancer, obesity (oestrogen excesses basically)

27
Q

Where does breast cancer commonly metastasise to?

A 
Local = chest wall, skin, nipple
Distant = collateral breast, liver, lung, brain, bone
28
Q

What are the 3 main surgical stages of treatment for breast cancer?

A

Mastectomy/WLE
Reconstruction
Axillary surgery

29
Q

When is a mastectomy performed rather than a WLE?

A

Multifocal tumours
Central tumours
Large tumours in small breasts
DCIS >4cm

30
Q

When is radiotherapy usually given for breast cancer?

A

Adjuvantly (after all WLEs and some mastectomies)

31
Q

When is chemotherapy given in breast cancer?

A

Can be given neoadjuvantly or adjuvantly.

Generally works better in younger women or those who have more adverse prognostic factors

32
Q

What treatment should pre and perimenopausal women with E2+ve cancer receive?

A

Tamoxifen

33
Q

What treatment should post menopausal women with E2+ve cancer receive?

A

Letrozole

34
Q

What should women with Her2+ve cancer receive?

A

Transtuzumab (Herceptin)

35
Q

Who gets breast screening and how often?

A

Women aged 50-70 every 3 years

36
Q

How is breast screening performed?

A

Mammogram

Finals Revision (22 decks)

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