Breast Flashcards
Which lymph nodes recieve 75% of breast lymph
Axillary Lymph Nodes
Which lymph nodes recieve 20% of breast lymph
Parsternal group of lymph nodes
Which lymph nodes recieve 5% of breast lymph
Intercostal group of lymph nodes
What do the Humeral (lateral) lymph nodes drain
Recieve all lymph from the upper limb, except those accompanying the cephalic vein
Where are the Pectoral (anterior) lymph nodes
Around lateral thoracic vein at the inferior border of the Pec. minor
What do the Pectoral (anterior) lymph nodes drain
Receive lymph from
Superolateral part of breast
Subareolar plexus of the breast
Receive most lymph of breast
Where are the subscapular (posterior) nodes found
Around the subscapular vessels
What do the Subscapular (Posterior) nodes drain
Lymph from the posterior thoracic wall and the scapular region
Where are the Central Axillary nodes located
Deep to pectaloris minor
What do the Centrail Axillary Nodes drain
Lymph from all efferent axillary vessels (except those of Apical nodes)
Where are the Apical Axillary Lymph nodes located
At the first part of the axillary artery
What do the Apical Axillary Lymph nodes drain
All axillary nodes
Nodes that accompany the cephalic vein
Route of lymphatic vessels going through the apical axillary lymph nodes
Traverse cervico-axillary canal
Vessels then unite to form the Subclavian Lymphatic Trunk
What is Sappey’s Plexus
The lymphatic plexus made up of the nipple and areolar
Where is the parasternal group of lymph nodes
Aterior spaces of intercostal spaces along internal thoracic artery
What does the parasternal group of lymph nodes drain
Medial convexivity of breast
Where is the intercostal group of lymph nodes located
Along the intercostal vessels
What are some of the characteristics of the shape of the female breast
Size of base is fairly constant Proturberant Hemispherical Conical in young females Pendulous in older females
What is the position of the breast
Extend from 2nd to 6th ribs vertically
Extend from 4th intercostal cartilage to near mid-axillary line horizontally
2/3 on Pec. Major and its fascia
1/3 on Serratus Anterior and External Oblique
What is the superolateral part of the breast called
Axillary tail of Spence
What is the size of the areolar
1-2cm in diameter
What does the areolar contain
Areolar sebaceous glands of Montgomery
Secrete an oily substance
What is the nipple called
Mammary papilla
What is the level of the nipple in nulliparous females
At level of 4th intercostal space
Where do the lactiferous ducts open
Into the mammary papillae (nipple)
What is the name of the area that the entire breast is placed in
Retromammary Space (Superficial fascia)
How many lobes of glandular tissue are there
5-20
Describe (histologically) the lobes of glandular tissue
Tubulo-alveolar type
Fibrous connective tissue separates adjacent lobes
What are the attachments of the Suspensory ligaments of Cooper
Fibrous processes of deep fascia
Skin & papilla
What is the function of the Suspensory ligaments of Cooper
Support the glandular lobes
What drains the lobules of breast tissue
Lactiferous ducts
What are the dilations below the areolar area called and what do they do
Lactiferous Sinuses
Store milk
What is the arterial supply of the breast
Medial side from 2nd to 4th intercostal space:
Perforating branches of Internal Thoracic artery
Braches of 3rd - 5th Intercostal Arteries
Pectoral branches of Thoracoacromial artery
Lateral Thoracic Artery
Subscapular Artery
2nd, 3rd, 4th Posterior Interostal Arteries (which come from thoracic aorta)
Describe the venous drainage of the breast
Aanstomatic drainage around nipples (circulus venosus) feeds into axillary and Internal Thoracic Veins via Intercostal Veins
Nerve supply of the breast
Lateral and Anterior Cutaneous branches of 3rd - 6th Intercostal nerves
What is the significance of the nerve supply to the breast
Sympathetic motor fibres go to blood vessels and smooth muscles. Also the nervous plexus around the nipple is important in suckling
