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Upper Limb > Applied Anatomy > Flashcards

Applied Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the result of Increased Pressure in Carpal Tunnel

A

Median Nerve is affected

Results in:
Parathesia (tingling)
Hypoesthesia (Decreased sensation)
Anaesthesia (No sensation)

Serves thenar muscles and lateral lumbricles
Results in difficulting opposing thumb

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2
Q

What happens in the event of an infection in the thenar space?

A

The infection can spread to Carpal Tunnel

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3
Q

What can be affected if there is damage to the humerus at the surgical neck

A

Axillary N. can be damaged

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4
Q

What is the result of axillary N. damage

A

Sensory fall out on patch of skin over deltoid

Inability to abduct arm to horizontal level

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5
Q

Which joint is most commonly dislocated in contact sport

A

AC joint

Acromion becomes prominent

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6
Q

What is students Elbow

A

When the subcutaneous Olecranon Bursa becomes infected from germs on the table

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7
Q

What is tennis Elbow

A

When there is damage to tendons at the lateral epicondyle

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8
Q

What is golfers elbow

A

When there is damage to the tendons at the medial epicondyle

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9
Q

What is Froments test

A

Tests Ulnar N.

Hold paper between thumb and index finger while someone is pulling

If there is excessive thumb flexion while opposing thumb and 5th digit, there is damage to the ulnar nerve

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10
Q

What is Radial Nerve Palsy

A

Wrist Drop

Loss of extension at wrist
Loss of extension at MCP joints
Loss of extension and abduction of thumb

Cannot make a fist

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11
Q

How do insicions need to be made into the breast?

A

Need to be radial as ducts maintain a radial course

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12
Q

How does a cyst develop in the breast and what is another name for it

A

Galactocole

May develop due to blockage of lactiferous ducts

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13
Q

How does retraction of the nipple occur

A

Extension of growth along milk line ducts leading to fibrosis

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14
Q

What is amastia

A

Absense of a breast

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15
Q

How does retraction of the skin on the breast result

A

Invasion of Ligaments of Cooper

Leading to dimpling

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16
Q

What is Peau D’orange

A

Blockage of lymphatic drainage

Leading to retration of hair follicles

17
Q

What is polymastia

A

an additional breast

18
Q

What is polythelia

A

An addition nipple

19
Q

What is hynaecomastia

A

Hypertrophy of male breast

20
Q

How can falls affect the Brachial Plexus

A

Violent strethching of nerves

21
Q

How can tractional injuries occur in the brachial plexus

A

Foreceps delivery of baby

22
Q

What is an incomplete injury of nerves caused by

A

Pressure

23
Q

What can cause damage to cords of the Brachial Plexus

A

Stabs or Gunshot wounds

Rarely happens in reality

24
Q

What is clutch paralysis

A

When the use of crutches results in pressure on the radial and Ulnar nerves
resulting in wrist drop

25
Q

What is winging of the scapula caused by

A

Injury to the long thoracic nerve

Results in inability to raise arm or push

26
Q

What is the result of a superior trunk injury

A

Erb’s Palsy (waiter’s tip position)
Flexors are paralysed (Permanent extension)
Lateral rotators are paralysed (stuck in medial rotation)

27
Q

What is the result of an inferior trunk injury

A

Klumpke’s paralysis (Claw hand)
Anaesthesia on medial side of arm, forearm and hand
Paralysis (atrophy) of muscles

28
Q

What is sleep palsy

A

Saturday night palsy

Pressure on radial nerve due to being asleep over a chair

29
Q

Wat is cervical rib syndrome

A

Presence of C7 may put pressure on lower trunk

30
Q

What is the result of ulnar canal syndrome

A

Loss of sensation in medial 1.5 fingers

Weakness in intrinsic muscles of hand

31
Q

What are the characteristics of a scaphoid fracture

A

Falling on an outstretched hand (young people have their clavicle break however)
Tenderness in floor of anatomical snuffbox
Avascular necrosis if not treated

32
Q

What are the characteristics of Colle’s Fracture

A

Most common fracture in forearm
Complete transverse fracture of distal 2cm of radius
Loose distal segments projects posteriorly

33
Q

What is Allen’s Test

A

1 - Lift hand
2 - Occlude superficial radial and ulnar arteries at wrist at the same time
3 - release one side and see if colour returns

Upper Limb (10 decks)

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