Applied Anatomy Flashcards
What is the result of Increased Pressure in Carpal Tunnel
Median Nerve is affected
Results in:
Parathesia (tingling)
Hypoesthesia (Decreased sensation)
Anaesthesia (No sensation)
Serves thenar muscles and lateral lumbricles
Results in difficulting opposing thumb
What happens in the event of an infection in the thenar space?
The infection can spread to Carpal Tunnel
What can be affected if there is damage to the humerus at the surgical neck
Axillary N. can be damaged
What is the result of axillary N. damage
Sensory fall out on patch of skin over deltoid
Inability to abduct arm to horizontal level
Which joint is most commonly dislocated in contact sport
AC joint
Acromion becomes prominent
What is students Elbow
When the subcutaneous Olecranon Bursa becomes infected from germs on the table
What is tennis Elbow
When there is damage to tendons at the lateral epicondyle
What is golfers elbow
When there is damage to the tendons at the medial epicondyle
What is Froments test
Tests Ulnar N.
Hold paper between thumb and index finger while someone is pulling
If there is excessive thumb flexion while opposing thumb and 5th digit, there is damage to the ulnar nerve
What is Radial Nerve Palsy
Wrist Drop
Loss of extension at wrist
Loss of extension at MCP joints
Loss of extension and abduction of thumb
Cannot make a fist
How do insicions need to be made into the breast?
Need to be radial as ducts maintain a radial course
How does a cyst develop in the breast and what is another name for it
Galactocole
May develop due to blockage of lactiferous ducts
How does retraction of the nipple occur
Extension of growth along milk line ducts leading to fibrosis
What is amastia
Absense of a breast
How does retraction of the skin on the breast result
Invasion of Ligaments of Cooper
Leading to dimpling
What is Peau D’orange
Blockage of lymphatic drainage
Leading to retration of hair follicles
What is polymastia
an additional breast
What is polythelia
An addition nipple
What is hynaecomastia
Hypertrophy of male breast
How can falls affect the Brachial Plexus
Violent strethching of nerves
How can tractional injuries occur in the brachial plexus
Foreceps delivery of baby
What is an incomplete injury of nerves caused by
Pressure
What can cause damage to cords of the Brachial Plexus
Stabs or Gunshot wounds
Rarely happens in reality
What is clutch paralysis
When the use of crutches results in pressure on the radial and Ulnar nerves
resulting in wrist drop
What is winging of the scapula caused by
Injury to the long thoracic nerve
Results in inability to raise arm or push
What is the result of a superior trunk injury
Erb’s Palsy (waiter’s tip position)
Flexors are paralysed (Permanent extension)
Lateral rotators are paralysed (stuck in medial rotation)
What is the result of an inferior trunk injury
Klumpke’s paralysis (Claw hand)
Anaesthesia on medial side of arm, forearm and hand
Paralysis (atrophy) of muscles
What is sleep palsy
Saturday night palsy
Pressure on radial nerve due to being asleep over a chair
Wat is cervical rib syndrome
Presence of C7 may put pressure on lower trunk
What is the result of ulnar canal syndrome
Loss of sensation in medial 1.5 fingers
Weakness in intrinsic muscles of hand
What are the characteristics of a scaphoid fracture
Falling on an outstretched hand (young people have their clavicle break however)
Tenderness in floor of anatomical snuffbox
Avascular necrosis if not treated
What are the characteristics of Colle’s Fracture
Most common fracture in forearm
Complete transverse fracture of distal 2cm of radius
Loose distal segments projects posteriorly
What is Allen’s Test
1 - Lift hand
2 - Occlude superficial radial and ulnar arteries at wrist at the same time
3 - release one side and see if colour returns
