Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y3 CORE CONDITIONS > BREAST > Flashcards

BREAST Flashcards

1
Q

How common are breast abscesses?

a) 1 in 3
b) 1 in 30
c) 1 in 300
d) 1 in 3000

A

c) 1 in 300

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

which age group does breast abscesses mostly affect?

A

child-bearing females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what physiological state can predispose to breast abscesses

A

breastfeeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the most common cause and organism of breast abscesses?

A

bacterial infection (s. aureus) causing collection of pus underneath the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What breast condition is breast abscess a severe complication of?

A

Breat mastitis usually of a lactating women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What history and examination would indicate breast abscess?

A

History of mastitis
Fever and general malaise
A painful, swollen lump in the breast, with redness, heat, and swelling of the overlying skin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the management of breast abscess after confirmation from history and physical examination?

A

Urgent refferal:

1) Confirmation of the diagnosis (by ultrasound).
2) Drainage of the abscess (by ultrasound-guided needle aspiration or surgical drainage).
3) Culture of fluid from the abscess (which will be used to guide the choice of antibiotic).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

name a complication for breast abscesses

A

can be pre-malignant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what antibiotics would you commonly give for
a) Lactating breast mastitis
b) Non lactating breat bastitis
+ analgesia and bath in warm water to relieve pain

A

a) 10-14 days of flucloxacillin ( cla/erythromycin is alternative)
b) Co Amoxiclav 10-14 days ( Cla/erythromycin + metrionadazole )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what antibiotics would you give for a MRSA breast abscess

A

clindamycin

trimethroprim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what proportion of all female cancers is breast carcinoma?

a) 1/100
b) 1/3
c) 1/50
d) 1/10

A

b) 1/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

among which group is breast carcinoma the most common cancer?

A

non-smokers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

name 5 risk factors for breast carcinoma

A 
female
Previous breast cancer
age >50
late age for first pregnancy >30
early menarche <13
Late menopauce >51
COCP/HRT
family history
obesity
radiation
Absent breast feeding
Mastitis is severe or recurrent.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which of these is not a genetic mutation/syndrome responsible for breast cancer?

a) BRCA1/2
b) li Fraumeni
c) Cowden’s
d) familial hyperlipidaemia
e) TP53 mutation

A

d) familial hyperlipidaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is HER2 ?

A

proto-oncogene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is an acquired HER2 mutation associated with in terms of breast carcinoma?

A

worse outcome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how are HER2 mutations treated?

A

herceptin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what type of breast carcinoma is most common?

A

adenocarcinomas - ductal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

name 4 symptoms that may be present with breast carcinoma

A 
tethering
dippling 
ulceration
New palpable mass (lumo)
Discharge from nipple = blood stained
Unilateral breast stize 
peau d'orange
Rash around nipple
Eczema = Paget disease 
No pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the triple assessment for breast cancer?

A

palpation
imaging (mammography/US/MRI)
needle aspiration cytology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

which receptor status brings the best prognosis in breast cancer?

a) oestrogen positive, progesterone positive
b) oestrogen positive, progesterone negative
c) oestrogen negative, progesterone negative
c) oestrogen negative, progesterone positive

A

a) both positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

why would radiotherapy be given in breast cancer?

A

reduce recurrence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

why would chemo be given in breast cancer?

A

high risk cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is tamoxifen?

A

oesterogen supressor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

when is tamoxifen used?

A

oestrogen receptive cancer= it suppresses the receptors and prevent proliferative actions

26
Q

name 2 drugs that can be used in post-menopausal women to reduce circulating oestrogen

A

anastrozole
letrozole
exemestane

27
Q

which 3 places do breast cancers commonly metastasise

A

lungs
liver
bone

28
Q

how many diagnosed breast cancer patients have NO evidence of nodal mets?

a) 5%
b) 20%
c) 50%
d) 80%

A

b) 20%

29
Q

what type of women do ductal papillomas normally affect?

a) young 20s
b) middle aged
c) post-menopausal
d) elderly

A

b) middle aged

30
Q

is breast ductal papilloma more or less common than fibroadenoma?

A

less

31
Q

where does breast ductal papilloma occur?

A

large ducts

32
Q

what feature might you see in the nipple discharge of a patient with breast ductal papilloma

A

clear or blood stained discharge

33
Q

name an observable feature of breast ductal papilloma during investigation

A

palpable mass= Either one large lump near nipple
or
Lots of small lumps away from the nipple

34
Q

what is microdochectomy and when is it used?

A

removal of affected duct in ductal papilloma

35
Q

what is Hadfield’s procedure and when is it used?

A

removal of all ducts in breast in ductal papilloma

36
Q

name a complication for duct papilloma

A

Generally non pre malignant
Unless contain atypical cells then slight increase in risk of developing breast cancer = as you have atypical hyperplasia

37
Q

how many women of childbearing age are affected by fibrocystic disease of the breast?

a) 5%
b) 20%
c) 50%
d) 80%

A

c) 50%

38
Q

how would you describe fibrocystic disease to a layman?

A

non-cancerous breast lump

39
Q

how is the texture of the breast described in fibrocystic disease?

A

lumpy/cobblestone

40
Q

describe 3 features of a fibrocystic breast lump and potential symptoms patient might have?

A

a) smooth, defined edges, free moving

b) Aching, tenderness thickening and breast pain especially in the affected area.

41
Q

where in the breast are fibrocystic lumps most commonly found?

A

upper outer quadrant

42
Q

how is fibrocystic disease affected by women’s hormonal cycle?

A

follows menstrual cycle- peaks just before period

subsides after menopause

43
Q

is breast fibrocystic disease likely to increase risk of breast cancer?

A

no, unless family history already exists

44
Q

What is mastitis?

A

A condition that causes breast pain and swelling (inflammation), and usually affects women who are breastfeeding.

45
Q

Where does lactation abscesscommonly occur?

A

A lactational abscess is usually located in the peripheral region of the breast, more commonly in the upper and outer quadrant.

46
Q

When does a patient a with lactation mastitis have there breast milk sampled for microsopy, culture and antibiotic sensitivity?

A

Mastitis is reccurent or severe
Hospital acquired infection is liekly
There is a deep burning breast pain ( ductal infection)

47
Q

What is Li-Fraumeni Syndrome?

A

rare inherited genetic cancer disorder that greatly increases one’s risk of developing cancer during their lifetime

48
Q

What is Cowden syndrome?

A

It is a rare autosomal dominant inherited disorder characterized by multiple non-cancerous tumor-like growths called hamartomas= Increase the chance of breast cancer

49
Q

Where is HER2 normally found?

A

It is found on the surface of normal breast cells.

50
Q

What is the function of HER2 and what is the name for high levels of the protein?

A

Extra number of HER2 stimulates growth and differentiation of breast cancer
In this stage it is called= HER2 positive breast cancer.

51
Q

What is the staging of breast cancer?

A

Stage 0= Non invasive breast cancer= for example ductal carcinoma in situ
Stage 1= Cancer cells have brocken through the breast tissue and starting to invade the surrounding tissue
Stage 2= Further invasion of surrounding tissue and tumour growth of less than <5cm
Stage 3= Further growth and lymph involvement
Stage 4= Mets

52
Q

what is a very common benign breast conidtion in young females?

A

• Fibroadenoma

53
Q

When is MRI used for breast screening?

A

When you have high risk of breast cancer due to bRCA genes

Lobular breast cancer

54
Q

What is the advantage of mamogram screening?

A

Can look at the whole breast

55
Q

Eczema like rash on the breast can be a indication of what condition?

A

Paget disease of breast

56
Q

What does paget disease of the breast indicate?

A

is often associated with an underlying in-situ or invasive carcinoma of the breast

57
Q

What is breat ductal papilloma?

A

Benign epithelial tumor growth in the breast

58
Q

How do you diagnose breast ductal papilloma?

A

Triple assessment
palpation
imaging (mammography/US/MRI)
needle aspiration cytology

59
Q

What history would be indicative of breast mastitis?

A

A painful breast.
Fever and/or general malaise.
A tender, red, swollen, and hard area of the breast, usually in a wedge-shaped distribution.

60
Q

When is it more likely for a mastitis to be infected?

A

If they have nipple fissure or are lactating?

61
Q

What is the advice for a breast feeding patient if they have mastitis or breast abscess?

A

To keep breast feeding

62
Q

What is HER2?

A

Human epidermal growth factor

Y3 CORE CONDITIONS (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions