Breast Flashcards
1
Q
“What are you looking for on Inspection?”
A
- Scars (WLE or Mastectomy)
- Asymmetry
- Masses
- Nipple Abnormalities (Inversion, Discharge)
- Skin Changes (Scaling, Erythema, Puckering, Peau d’orange)
2
Q
“Describe some pathological causes of Nipple Inversion?”
A
- Breast Cancer
- Breast Abscess
- Mammary Duct Ectasia
- Mastitis
Physiologically - Congenital/Weight Loss Asssociated
3
Q
“Describe the relevance of some common Breast Skin changes?”
A
- Scaling - Paget’s Disease of Breast (ass. with underlying in-situ of invase carcinoma)
- Erythema - Infection (Mastitis, Abscesss), Trauma (Fat Necrosis) and Breast Cancer
- Puckering - Invasion of the suspensory ligaments of breast tissue by an underlying malignancy
- Peau d’orange - Cutaneous lymphatic oedema where the swollen skin form dimples of its tether to hair follicles and sweat glands. This is associated with Inflammatory Breast Cancer.
4
Q
“What characteristics of a breast lump should you look to ascertain on examination?”
A
- Location
- Size and Shaoe
- Consistency
- Mobility
- Fluctuance
- Overlying Skin Changes
5
Q
“What are some common types of nipple discharge?”
A
- Milky - Normal during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Galactorrhoea i.e. outside the previous times, is caused by the presence of a prolactinoma
- Purulent Discharge - Yellow,Green,Brown - Mastitis, Breast Abscess
- Bloody - Ductal Carcinoma in Situ
6
Q
“Describe the boundaries of the axillary lymph nodes?”
A
- Anterior - Pectoralis Major
- Lateral - Humorus
- Posterior - Subscapular
- Medial - Thorax
- Apex
7
Q
What are common areas for Metastasis of Breast Cancer?
A
- Lung
- Liver
- Spine
