Breaking down key nutrients: carbohydrates

Question 1

what is the primary energy source of the body?

Answer 1

carbohydrates

Question 2

how are carbohydrates classified?

Answer 2

monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides

Question 3

monosaccharides

Answer 3

simple sugars
composed of sugar units
chief monosaccharides: glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 4

glucose

Answer 4

sweet simple sugar found in commercially prepared corn syrup and sweet fruits
found circulating in the bloodstream of the body

Question 5

what is the primary form of carbohydrates used by the body for energy?

Answer 5

glucose

Question 6

fructose

Answer 6

sugar found in honey, ripe fruits, and some vegetables
formed from digestion or hydrolysis of sucrose in the body

Question 7

disaccharides

Answer 7

made up of two monosaccharides linked together

Question 8

lactose

Answer 8

sugar found in mammalian milk
contains a molecule of glucose and a molecule of galactose

Question 9

galactose

Answer 9

not found in a free form in foods
makes up 50% of lactose

Question 10

what is the only carbohydrate of animal origin?

Answer 10

lactose

Question 11

lactose intolerance

Answer 11

caused by a deficiency of beta-galactosidase
this deficiency prevents the glucose and galactose molecules from separating making it nondigestable

Question 12

sucrose

Answer 12

table sugar
contains a molecule of glucose linked to a molecule of fructose
most common sugar in plants

Question 13

oligosaccharides

Answer 13

made up of 3-10 monosaccharides
often difficult to digest and can be associated with GI disturbances and flatulence in large amounts

Question 14

oligosaccharides that contain fructose

Answer 14

fructooligosaccharides (FOS)
FOS in diet improve intestinal flora, increase nitrogen digestion and retention, improve stool quality, reduce fecal odors

Question 15

polysaccharides

Answer 15

consist of many thousands of monosaccharides
cereal grains such as corn, wheat, sorghum, barley, and rice are the major ingredients in pet foods that provide starch

Question 16

complex carbohydrates of plant origin

Answer 16

referred to as dietary fiber or nonstarch polysaccharides

Question 17

what type of bonding does plant fiber have?

Answer 17

beta instead of alpha bonds
these bonds resist digestion by the GI enzymes

Question 18

what does soluble fiber in diet do?

Answer 18

has the ability to hold water and makes feces softer
ex: fruits, gums -used to improve canned food texture

Question 19

what does insoluble fiber in diet do?

Answer 19

increases fecal bulk but doesn’t soften feces because it doesn’t have the ability to hold water
ex: grains