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History - GB key facts (P1) > Breadth 2: Changes in representation in Britain (1780-1928) > Flashcards

Breadth 2: Changes in representation in Britain (1780-1928) Flashcards

1
Q

outline the ideological changes of the Tories and Whigs in 1780-1830 (Radicalism, 1st RA)

A
  • development of 2 party system
  • Tories: preserve status quo (powers of monarchy, Anglican church), oppose reform,
  • Whigs: more receptive to reform, reduce crown patronage, abolish slavery
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2
Q

outline the appeal changes of the Tories and Whigs in 1780-1830 (Radicalism, 1st RA)

A
  • Tories more aligned with Anglicans + agricultural interests
  • Whigs promote interests of reform
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3
Q

what are the causes of the changes in the Whigs + Tories in 1830-46 (2 of the Chartist petitions)

A
  • leadership: Pitt (T) and Fox (W) influenced change
  • events: French + American revolutions provoke different reactions
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4
Q

outline the ideological changes of the Whigs and Tories in 1830-46 (2 of the Chartist petitions)

A
  • ideological differences deepen
  • Ts divide: Moderates vs Ultras
  • Ws embrace more social reform; slavery, education etc
  • Ts become Conservatives - accept moderate reform -e.g. 1832 RA
  • Litchfield House Compact 1835: Ws agree to work with Irish + Radical MPs - origin of the Liberal party
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5
Q

outline the appeal changes of the Whigs and Tories in 1830-46 (2 of the Chartist petitions)

A
  • Cons dominate rural seats
  • Corn Law repeal splits Peelites + Protectionists in Cons Govt
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6
Q

outline the organisational changes of the Whigs and Tories in 1830-46 (2 of the Chartist petitions)

A
  • Cons first arrange professional electoral agents in key areas
  • they set up Carlton Club in London to raise money + support
  • Cs set up registration societies
  • Whig reform club follows suit to improve local organisation + voter registration
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7
Q

outline the causes of the changes of the Whigs and Tories in 1830-46 (2 of the Chartist petitions)

A
  • leadership: Peel leads shift of Ts to Cons
  • different views of reform + need to appeal to new voters
  • 1841 election prompts Ws to follows Cons organisational policies
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8
Q

outline the ideological changes of the Conservatives + Liberals in 1846-86 (3rd Chartist petiton, repeal of the CDAs)

A
  • Liberal party is formed out of the coalition of Whigs, Peelites, radicals + Irish MPs
  • Libs: low tax, peaceful foreign policy, equality (religious discrimination removed), social reform, political reform (secret ballot, 1883/4/5)
  • Disraeli leads modernisation of Cons to broaden appeal of the party due to 1867 RA. 1 nation ideas/ Tory Democracy: social reform, still defends Anglican church
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9
Q

outline the appeal changes of the Conservatives + Liberals in 1846-86 (3rd Chartist petiton, repeal of the CDAs)

A
  • Libs: broad coalition with conflicting interests
  • Cons: appeals to w/c
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10
Q

outline the organisational changes of the Conservatives + Liberals in 1846-86 (3rd Chartist petiton, repeal of the CDAs)

A
  • Cons: top down approach; set up NUCCA in 1867, national coordination + meetings, involved w on an equal basis to men!
  • Libs: bottom up approach: aims to attract w/c + m/c support, lots of social activities
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10
Q

outline the ideological changes of the Conservatives + Liberals in 1886-1928 (repeal of CDAs, equal franchise act)

A
  • Libs: Gladstone’s failure over Home Rule + Lib defeat in 1886 led to split in the party; Unionists (oppose Home Rule for Ireland), Whigs + Radicals joined Cons
  • Cons: in 1900s Cons divisions re-emerge , Libs begin to reunite against it
  • New Liberalism: social reform, welfare. coalition during the war. coalition during war followed by Lib decline + Labour growth
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11
Q

outline the causes for the changes of the Conservatives + Liberals in 1846-86 (3rd Chartist petiton, repeal of the CDAs)

A
  • leadership: Gladstone, Disraeli, Salisbury
  • political reform: 1858/67/72/83/84/85
  • franchise extensions/ redistribution: ensures turnout of eligible voters
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12
Q

outline the appeal changes for the Conservatives + Liberals in 1886-1928 (repeal of the CDAs, Equal Franchise Act)

A
  • Villa Toryism, results in improved electoral fortunes of Cons
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13
Q

outline the organisational changes for the Conservatives + Liberals in 1886-1928 (repeal of CDAs, equal franchise act)

A
  • 1918 act made parties realise they needed a mass membership to respond to a mass electorate
  • strength of Cons maintained; organisations, clubs, role of W
  • strength of Libs not maintained; m/c support drifted to Cons, other support to Labour
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14
Q

outline the appeal changes of the rise of Labour in 1893+ (start of female suffrage)

A
  • partially class based
  • appeals to lots of different groups
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14
Q

outline the ideological changes of the rise of Labour in 1893+ (start of female suffrage)

A
  • origins before 1893
  • initial growth based on the desire to improve representation of w/c - e.g. more MPs from w/c backgrounds
  • Keir Hardie avoid references to Socialism to ensure broad appeal
14
Q

outline the causes for the changes of the Conservatives + Liberals in 1886-1928 (repeal of CDAs, equal franchise act)

A
  • leadership: Gladstone (Lib), Chamberlain (Cons)
  • events: suffragettes
15
Q

outline the organisational changes of the rise of Labour in 1893+ (start of female suffrage)

A
  • crucial to the growth of Lab; funding from TUs was needed for candidates esp until 1918
  • Lib-Lab pact 1903 important to the party’s launch
16
Q

outline the causes for the rise of Lab in 1893+ (start of female suffrage)

A
  • political + social changes; w/c majority constituencies, improved education - Lab growth doesn’t correlate with growth in franchise or union power
  • electoral fortunes: Lib weakness starting in 1890s is a key TP
  • WW1 was a TP; accelerated change
  • reform; 1918 franchise extension + 1911 payment of MPs
17
Q

outline the change in the influence of aristocracy in 1780-1832 (early radicalism, 1st RA)

A
  • 1780s onwards: some action against power but nothing significant done to reduce aristocratic dominance in politics
  • development of radical ideas with increased support leads to greater questioning of the system + growth in support of reform
17
Q

outline the causes of change in the influence of aristocracy in 1780-1832 (early radicalism, 1st RA)

A
  • Tory dominance
  • key radical ideas grow
  • economic + social change; growing m/c, BUT radical cause is weaker when economy is stable
18
Q

outline the change in the influence of aristocracy in 1832-65 (1st RA, 2nd RA)

A

impact of 1832 RA:
- HofC; increase in county seats increases aristocratic influence
- Chandos Clause (in 1832 RA): gave the vote to tenants in agricultural areas who vote in accordance of their landowners interests
- abolition of rotten/ pocket boroughs; did little to reduce aristocratic influence in PLT

19
Q

outline the causes of change in the influence of aristocracy in 1832-65 (1st RA, 2nd RA)

A
  • 1832 RA represents a TP in the power of the HofL; unable to bock reform, declining legitimacy (acceptance of authority) in relation to HofC
20
Q

outline the change in the influence of aristocracy in 1865-1905 (2nd RA, rise of WSPU/NUWSS)

A
  • power + influence of aristocracy decreases:
  • SBA 1972 + CPA 1883 reduce influence over tenants and get rid of bribery and treating
  • Redistribution Act 1885 professionalizes politics which reduces aristocratic influence over candidates
  • % of aristocrats in HofC falls steadily
21
Q

outline the causes for change in the influence of aristocracy in 1865-1905 (2nd RA, rise of WSPU/NUWSS)

A
  • key cause is political reforms; 1867, 1872, 1884, 1885
  • economic changes (imported corn) reduced wealth of aristocracy - reduces influence
  • increased franchise reduces legitimacy + power of Lords
22
Q

outline the change in the influence of aristocracy in 1906-28 (rep of the peoples act, equal franchise act)

A
  • 1906 election: only 10% MPs from aristocratic/ gentry families are elected
  • Labour party: grows, WC MPs are more politically successful
  • 1911 Parliament Act: significantly reduces power of Lords - but there are still Lords in cabinet
23
Q

outline the cause of changes in the influence of aristocracy in 1906-28 (rep of the peoples act, equal franchise act)

A
  • 1911 Parliament Act significantly reduces power of Lords
  • 1918 + WW1 leads to extension of franchise, 1911 Payment of MPs - accelerates growth of Labour + social change
  • attitudes to democracy + aristocratic influence change
24
Q

outline the change in the influence of the Crown in 1780-1837 (early rads, 1st RA)

A

big decline in popularity + start to lose influence
- 1780 Dunning’s Motion: critiques Crown influence + spending
- Failure of Peel’s 100 day Ministry: Peel chosen by WIV against PLT’s wishes - last time a Monarch chooses PM over PLT

24
Q

outline the change in the influence of the Crown in 1837-71 (1st RA, SBA)

A

some retention of power but increasingly unpopular
- 1839 Bedchamber Crisis: Victoria doesn’t want Peel to be PM, refuses to honour tradition, doesn’t wish to be neutral/ dictated
- growth in Republicanism (abolition of Monarchy)

25
Q

outline the change in the influence of the Crown in 1871-1901 (SBA, death of Queen Victoria)

A
  • recovery of popularity; a move to symbolic, not actual power
  • 1870s V creates new image of monarchy
  • swift decline in Republicanism
  • Disraeli makes V ‘Empress of India’
  • actual power declines - doesnt want Gladstone as PM but cant stop it
  • V does get her choice of PM in 1894, Rosebery
26
Q

outline the change in the influence of the Crown in 1901-28 (death of Queen Victoria, equal franchise act)

A
  • no resurrection of actual power
  • increasingly evident that power resides with elected representatives
  • image of monarchy endures -suggests strength in symbolic power which leaves potential for some influence
27
Q

outline the change and continuity of the social makeup of the HofC in 1780-1832 (early rads, 1st RA)

A
  • change: Catholic MPs can sit in Commons after 1829 Catholic Emancipation, some Radicals but are from privilaged backgrounds
  • continuity: very little change, dominance of propertied classes grows, dominance of landowners - 1/5 of all MPs were sons/ brothers of peers
28
Q

outline the change and continuity of the social makeup of the HofC in 1832-67 (1s RA, 2nd RA)

A
  • in 1832: 75% of MPs were landowners. redistribution from 1832 RA had little short term impacts on HofC social comp
  • 1867 RA: big increase in franchise, but still limited change to social comp of HofC
  • change: 1858 Abolition of property qualifications (election open to all), 1832+1867 start change - more MC
  • continuity: very little change - no significant influx of MC MPs after 1832, still no WC MPs, lots of uncontested seats, corruption remains
29
Q

outline the change and continuity of the social makeup of the HofC in 1868-1910 (3rd RA, Parliament Act)

A
  • 1872 SBA: frees voters from landlord influence + removes corruption, but both continue in short term
  • 1883 CPA: removes corruption
  • change: bribery+ intimidation outlawed- wealthy have less exertion over voting, increased franchise, fairer distribution
  • continuity: influence of landlords remain, few WC MPs and are all dependent on TUs
30
Q

outline the change and continuity of the social makeup of the HofC in 1911-28 (Parliament Act, Equal Franchise Act)

A
  • 1911 Pay of MPs: all can afford to run
  • 1918: extended franchise to W
  • growth of Labour: 56/63 elected Lab MPs were WC
  • change: inc in MC and WC MPs, (privileged) W elected
  • continuity: wealth continues to dominate, few WC MPs

History - GB key facts (P1) (7 decks)

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