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Geography LC > Brazil > Flashcards

Brazil Flashcards

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1
Q

How much of the Amazon Basin covers of Brazil?

A

One-third

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2
Q

What is the basin made up?

A

Swamps, lowlands, rainforests and floodplains

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3
Q

How many major drainage basins does Brazil have?

A

8

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4
Q

Name rivers other than the Amazon.

A

Zingu, Tocantins, and the Sao Francisco.

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5
Q

What influences Brazil’s climate?

A

The size of the country, wide variations in relief and latitude.

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6
Q

How many climatic zones does Brazil have?

A

5

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7
Q

What are the three main climate groups?

A

Equatorial, tropical and semi-arid

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8
Q

Where is the equatorial region located?

A

Northern and western regions around the Amazon basin.

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9
Q

What is the equatorial daytime and night time temperatures?

A

Daytime= 32 degrees

Night time= 22 degrees

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10
Q

What type of rainfall occurs in the equatorial region?

A

Convectional Rainfall

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11
Q

What is the annual precipitation for the equatorial region?

A

2,000-3,000 mm

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12
Q

What is the humidity for the equatorial region?

A

90%

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13
Q

Does the equatorial region have clear seasons?

A

No

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14
Q

How much of Brazil experiences a tropical climate?

A

90%

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15
Q

What is the monthly average temperatures for the tropical climate?

A

18 degrees

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16
Q

What is the annual rainfall for the tropical region?

A

1,500-2,000 mm

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17
Q

Where does relief rainfall occur?

A

Along the coast, south of Recife mountains trigger relief rainfall.

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18
Q

What influence does the Brazilian Highlands cause?

A

Causes temperatures to vary between 15 degrees and 30 degrees

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19
Q

Where is the semi-arid area located?

A

The North-East

This is the hottest part of the country.

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20
Q

What temperatures occur between May and November in the semi-arid region?

A

38-40 degrees

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21
Q

Which state is the driest?

A

Paraiba- irregular rains and drought, less than 278 mm

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22
Q

What happens in the Caatinga when it rains?

A

Low-density ranching

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23
Q

Name 3 soils in Brazil.

A

Terra Rossa, Alluvial Soils, Latosols

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24
Q

Describe Terra Rossa soils.

A
  • Occur in state of Sao Paulo
  • Dark red and plenty of humus
  • Excellent soil for growing coffee trees
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25
Q

Describe Alluvial soils.

A
  • Occur in Amazon basin and along edges of other main rivers

- Extremely fertile

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26
Q

Describe Latosols.

A
  • Occur under the tropical rainforests
  • Trees provide leaf litter for humus and this makes the soil litter
  • Deforestation= leaching and loss of soil fertility
27
Q

Brazil is the world’s fifth largest country. True or false.

A

True

28
Q

What is the capital of Brazil

A

Brasilia

29
Q

What is the population of Brazil?

A

207 million

30
Q

What fraction of the population is under 30 years?

A

Two-thirds

31
Q

What % of the population lives in poverty?

A

60%, with 40 million people living on less than 1 euro a day

32
Q

What is the main language?

A

Portuguese

33
Q

What is the main religion?

A

Catholic

34
Q

How many states and federal districts are there?

A

26 states and 1 federal district

35
Q

What are the most prominent geographical features of Brazil?

A

The Brazilian Highlands, Brazilian Plateau and the basin of the Amazon River

36
Q

What are Brazil’s main primary economic activities?

A

Agriculture, Forestry and Mineral Exploitation

37
Q

What % of farmland is arable?

A

7%

38
Q

What are the main crops?

A

Corn, soya and sugar cane

39
Q

Brazil and what other country account for half of the global production of soya beans?

A

Argentina

40
Q

In 2010, what % of Brazil’s exports were agricultural?

A

36%

41
Q

Brazil is a world leader for export of…

A

Coffee, beef, sugar and oranges

42
Q

How many years is the cycle of crop rotation?

A

6 years, between corn, eucalyptus, soya and pasture to preserve soil fertility.

43
Q

What have Brazilian scientists developed in relation to soya plants?

A

Modified them to grow in the hot conditions of the savanna regions in the interior of Brazil.

44
Q

In 2010, how many tonnes of soya was produced?

A

62 million tonnes

45
Q

How many hectares are soya farms?

A

160 hectares, with one person maintaining it due to the farm being highly mechanised.

46
Q

How many people does sugar cane employ?

A

900,000 people

47
Q

What is 50% of the sugar used to produce?

A

Ethanol- used as an alternative petrol.

48
Q

Where is 90% of the sugar cane grown?

A

In South-Central Brazil

49
Q

What % does Brazil have in the world coffee market?

A

32%

50
Q

How many people does the coffee industry provide income for?

A

10 million people due to it being a labour intensive industry.

51
Q

In 2010, how much was the coffee industry worth to the economy?

A

9 billion

52
Q

Where are the major coffee producing areas?

A

Found along the south-east coast

53
Q

How much coffee does Minas Gerais grow?

A

46% of Brazilian coffee

54
Q

Where else is coffee grown?

A

The eastern state of Bahia, where the soil, climate and altitude are ideal.

55
Q

Name two international companies associated with coffee.

A

Nestle and Kraft

56
Q

Name factors needed for coffee growth.

A
  • Temperatures, 15-24 degrees
  • Absence of frost
  • Deep, well-drained soils, Terra Rossa soils
  • Humid conditions + rain, (1,500-2,000mm a year)
  • High altitude, over 700m to reduce pests= Brazilian Highlands
57
Q

How many hectares are needed to make a reasonable income for cattle farming?

A

1,000 hectares and 600 cows

58
Q

How many cattle are slaughtered each year?

A

35 million cattle

59
Q

What rank is Brazil in international cattle production?

A

3rd, behind Argentina and Australia.

60
Q

Where are cattle ranches located?

A

All across Brazil, however farmers are moving west and clearing forest at a huge environmental cost.

61
Q

What are the main trees harvested?

A

Tropical hardwoods, eg. Mahogany, teak

62
Q

What can be the value of one hardwood tree?

A

15,000 euro

63
Q

In 2010 what was the expected value of timber?

A

2 billion

64
Q

How many people are employed in the forestry industry?

A

6 million people

Geography LC (19 decks)

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