Brasil rural-urban migration Case Study

Question 1

Key facts that cause migration?

Answer 1

• 65% of growth in urban areas in Brasil due to rural->urban migration.
• In pernambuco (NE Brasil), 66 municipalities were on water emergency after severe drought in 2016.
• Bahia (NE Brasil) also experiences droughts

Question 2

What are some push factors of rural areas?

Answer 2

• Low paid agricultural jobs.
• Lack of services e.g. schools.
• Less jobs because of mechanisation.
• Droughts affect crop yields.
• Poor quality housing and malnutrition.
• Chemical fertilisers, slash and burn lead to soil degradation.
• 80% of firms are owned by 10% of the farmers.

Question 3

What are some pull factors of urban areas?

Answer 3

• Prospect of better and more diverse jobs.
• More entertainment e.g. Afro reggae.
• More services and facilities.
• More chances of education offer better opportunities.
• Bright Light syndrome.
• Energy and resources available.

Question 4

What are the impact of increased urbanisation?

Answer 4

• Growth in illegal settlements e.g. favelas in Rochina.
• More diversity.
• Increase in crime rates e.g. drugs and gangs.
• Increased pressure on urban areas and their resources.
• Depopulation of North East drought zome in Brazil.
• Ageing population in rural areas.
• 6% of Brazil’s population live in favelas.
• There are about 1000 favelas in Rio de Janeiro.