Branchial Arches

Question 1

Cartilage of first arch?

Answer 1

• Maxillary process - maxiallary, zygomatic
• Mandibular process - meckel cartilage, mandible
• Malleus, Incus
• Sphenomandibular ligament

Question 2

Muscles of first arch?

Answer 2

• Muscles of mastication - temporalis, masseter, lateral/medial pterygoids, mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini

Question 3

Nerves of first arch?

Answer 3

• CN V2, V3

Question 4

Cartilage of second arch?

Answer 4

• Reichert cartilage
  
  • Stapes, styloid process, lesser horn of hyoid, stylohyoid ligament

Question 5

Muscles of second arch?

Answer 5

• Muscles of facial expression:
  
  • Stapedius
  • Stylohyoid
  • platysma
  • posterior belly of digastric

Question 6

Nerves of second arch?

Answer 6

CN VII

Question 7

Cartilage of third arch?

Answer 7

Greater horn of hyoid

Question 8

Muscles of third arch?

Answer 8

• Stylopharyngeus

Question 9

Nerve of Third arch?

Answer 9

CN IX

Question 10

Cartilage of 4-6th arches?

Answer 10

• Arytenoids
• Crycoid
• Corniculate
• Cuneiform
• Thyroid

Question 11

Muscles of 4-6th arches?

Answer 11

4th: pharyngeal constrictors, cricothyroid, levator veli palatini
6th: all intrinsic muscles of the larynx except cricothyroid

Question 12

Nerves of the 4th-6th arches?

Answer 12

4th: CN X (superior laryngeal branch)
6th: CN X (recurrent laryngeal nerve)

Question 13

What sequence?

• Micrognathia, glossoptosis, cleft palate, airway obstruction

Answer 13

Pierre Robin sequence (1-2 arches)

Question 14

What abnormality?

• Neural crest dysfunction, mandibular hypoplasia, facial abnormalities

Answer 14

Treacher collins Syndrome (1-2 arches)