brainstem - surface anatomy and 4th vent

Question 1

the brainstem is composed of the _____

Answer 1

midbrain, pons and medulla

Question 2

what does the brainstem occupy in the cranium

Answer 2

posterior cranial fossa

Question 3

what is found at the rostral boundary of the brainstem

Answer 3

Midbrain-diencephalic junction

Question 4

what is found at the caudal boundary of the brainstem

Answer 4

cervicomedullary junction

Question 5

level of cervicomedullary junction

Answer 5

At level of foramen magnum and pyramidal decussation

Question 6

functions of the brainstem

Answer 6

conduit for asc and desc tracts to forebrain

contains reflex centers for respiration, CV functions and consciousness

contains nuclei of CN III-XII

Question 7

which cranial nerve nuclei does the brainstem contain

Answer 7

nuclei of CN III-XII

Question 8

the cerebellum is attached to ______ and ______

Answer 8

posterior of pons and upper medulla

Question 9

where is tectum found

Answer 9

Only in midbrain = superior and inferior colliculus

Question 10

where is tegmentum found

Answer 10

ventral to CA in midbrain

ventral to 4th in pons and medulla

Question 11

makes up the main bulk of brainstem nuclei and reticular formation

Answer 11

tegmentum

Question 12

most ventral portion of brainstem

Answer 12

pons

Question 13

significance of basis

Answer 13

has fibers that makes up corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts

Question 14

found on ventral surface of midbrain

Answer 14

cerebral peduncles and interpeduncular fossa

Question 15

found on dorsal surface of midbrain

Answer 15

tectum - sup and inf colliculi

Question 16

found on ventral surface of pons

Answer 16

transverse fibers, convex

Question 17

what limits the pons dorsally

Answer 17

4th ventricle

Question 18

attachments of the pons dorsolaterally

Answer 18

attached to the cerebellum by the superior, middle, and inferior cerebellar peduncle

Question 19

found on ventral surface of medulla

Answer 19

pyramids

rostral medulla - olives or inferior olivary nuclei

Question 20

found on dorsal surface of medulla

Answer 20

caudal medulla - posterior columns and their nuclei (gracilis-cuneatus)

Question 21

relate the inferior olivary nuclei to the pyramids

Answer 21

ION is lateral to pyramids

Question 22

what forms the hypoglossal trigone and vagal trigone

Answer 22

by the CN XII nucleus and the
dorsal motor nucleus of CN X

Question 23

these are bumps on the floor of 4th vent

Answer 23

facial colliculi

Question 24

the floor of the 4th vent spans the _____

Answer 24

pons to rostral medulla

Question 25

joins the ____ superiorly which runs through the midbrain

Answer 25

ewan huhu

Question 26

the 4th vent caudally drains into _____ via _____

Answer 26

subarachnoid space via Foramen of Luschka (lateral) and Foramen of Magendie (medial)

Question 27

Sensory and motor nuclei are demarcated by the _____

Answer 27

sulcus limitans

Question 28

Sulcus limitans is still visible along the ______

Answer 28

lateral wall of the 4th ventricle

Question 29

the sulcus lmitans is _______ ventromedially and _______ dorsolaterally

Answer 29

motor nuc - ventromed sensory nuc - dorsolat

Question 30

the tectum lies dorsal to ______

Answer 30

cerebral aqeuduct

Question 31

the cranial nerves emerge from the _____ via the _____

Answer 31

brainstem via foramen of skull

Question 32

found rostral to floor of 4ht vent

Answer 32

dorsal surface of pons

Question 33

found caudal to floor of 4ht vent

Answer 33

dorsal surface of medulla

Question 34

what is the rhomboid fossa

Answer 34

shallow, diamond shaped depression on the dorsal surface of the pons and medulla oblangata

Question 35

it forms the floor of the 4th vent

Answer 35

rhomboid fossa

Question 36

extension/continuation of the posterior median sulcus of spinal cord

Answer 36

Posterior Median Fissure

Question 37

protuberance (formed by) dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve

Answer 37

Vagal Trigone

Question 38

protuberance of hypoglossal nucleus

Answer 38

Hypoglossal Trigone

Question 39

the vagal trigone is lateral to ______

Answer 39

hypoglossal trigone

Question 40

what is the facial colliculas

Answer 40

subependymal bundle of facial nerve winding around the abducens nucleus - forms bulge

Question 41

found between rostral and caudal parts of the floor of 4th vent

Answer 41

Stria Medullaris

Question 42

stria medullaris is surface landmark of ________

Answer 42

arcuate cerebellar bundle from arcuate nuc in medulla to cerebellum

Question 43

thin layer of tissue suspended between the superior cerebellar peduncles (roof of 4th vent)

Answer 43

anterior medullary velum; along c inf medullary velum

Question 44

in general what can be found at the roof of 4th vent

Answer 44

ant/inf medullary velum cerebellum choroid plexus of 4th vent

Question 45

what are the lateral boundaries of 4th vent

Answer 45

Brachium Conjunctivum (SCP) Restiform Body (ICP) Gracilis and Cuneate Tubercles Lateral Recess

Question 46

Connects cerebellum and midbrain

Answer 46

Brachium Conjunctivum (SCP)

Question 47

Connects medulla and cerebellum

Answer 47

Restiform Body (ICP)

Question 48

Surface markings of gracile and cuneate nuclei

Answer 48

Gracilis and Cuneate Tubercles

Question 49

Lateral angles of 4th ventricle

Answer 49

Lateral Recess

Question 50

trochlear nerve exits midbrain ____

Answer 50

dorsally