Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 2 LCRS Neurology > Brainstem and cranial nerves > Flashcards

Brainstem and cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What is the brainstem?

A

Part of the brain between the cerebrum and the spinal chord (exclusive of the cerebellum)

  • Midbrain
  • Pons
  • Medulla
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Identify the Pineal Gland

  • What is its function
  • What is its special characteristic
A
  • Only structure on the posterior brainstem which is not bilateral

Endocrine gland producing melatonin —> regulation of day and night rythm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Identify the Superior and inferior culliculus

What are their fuction?

A

Superior

  • coordination of hand eye movement

Inferior:

  • Survaval function –> auditive relexes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Identify the Dorsal Colums

What is their function?

A

Contains ascending sensory pathways

–> carry tactile sensation and proprioceptive information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where does the Trochlear nerve emerges? What is its function?

A

Cranial nerve IV = trochlear nerve

Motor nerve innervating the superior oblique muscle of the eye

  • intorsion (internal rotation)
  • depression (primarily in the adducted position) and
  • abduction (lateral rotation)

Emerges posterior to the brain stem just below inferior collicolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is its function?

A

Optic chiasm

  • crossing of optic fibres of the optic nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is its function?

A

Mamillary body

  • part of the diencephalon and limbic system
  • important in recollective memory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is its function?

A

Cerebral peduncle

  • at the front of the midbrain which arise from the front of the pons and contain the large ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) nerve tracts that run to and from the cerebrum from the pons
  • is everything in the midbrain except the tectum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is its function?

A

Occulomotor nerve (III)

  • innervation of extrinsic eye muscle for most movements of the eye + raise eyelid
  • pupillary constriction and adaptiation

third nerve nucleus is located ventral to the cerebral aqueduct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is its function?

A

Trigeminal nerve (V)

  • Face sensation + motor function (chewing)
  • –> largest of the cranial nerves

Emerges at level of the pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are they?

What are their function?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

  • innervation of toung and pharynx

Vagus (X)

  • PNS
  • motorinnervation pharynx, larynx oesophagus

Accesory (XI)

  • supplies the sternocleidomastoid (rotation of head)
  • and trapezius muscles (shruging of shoulder)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is its function?

A

Medullary pyramids

motor fibers of the corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts –> together: pyramidal tracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is it?

What is its function?

A

Pyramidal decussation

point at the junction of the medulla and spinal cord where the motor fibers from the medullary pyramids cross the midline. The fibers then continue into the spinal cord primarily as the corticospinal tract.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are they?

What is their function?

A

Abducens (VI)

  • Musculus rectus lateralis innervatio of the eye (abduziert das Auge –> drehbewegung zur Schläfe)

Facial (VII)

  • muscles of facial expression
  • taste from anterior 2/3 of tounge

Vestibulocochlear (VIII)

  • sound and balance information

–> all originate from the upper part of the pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is its function?

A

Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

  • extrinsic and intrinsic musles of the tounge
18
Q

Which type of infromation do general somatic afferent (GSA) nerve fibres carry?

A

General somatic afferent

  • sensation from skin and mucous membranes
19
Q

Which type of infromation do general visceral afferent (GVA) nerve fibres carry?

A

General visceral afferent (GVA)

  • sensation from GI tract, heart vessels and lungs
20
Q

Which type of infromation do special somatic afferent (SSA) nerve fibres carry?

A

Special somativ afferent

  • vision
  • hearing
  • equilibrium
21
Q

Which type of infromation do special visceral afferent nerve fibres carry?

A

Special visceral afferent

  • smell
  • taste
22
Q

Which type of information do general somatic efferent (GSE) nerve fibres carry?

A

General Somativ efferent

  • muscles for eye and tounge movement
23
Q

Which type of information do General visceral efferent (GVE) nerve fibres carry?

A

General visceral efferent

  • preganglionic parasympathetic
24
Q

Which type of information do special visceral efferent nerve fibres carry?

A

Specail visceral efferent

  • muscles involved in chewing
  • facial expression
  • swallowing
  • vocal sounds
  • head turning
25
Q

Where does GSA, GSE, GVA, GVE nerve fibres develop in the embryonic spinal chord?

A
26
Q

Where do GSA, GSE, GVA, GVE nerve fibres develop in the embryonic rhombencephalon?

A
27
Q

Where is the Special somativ afferent zone in the brainstem located?

Which cranial nerve emerves from this zone?

Where does it emerge?

A

Located Lateral

Vestibulocholear nerve (VIII) emerges from this zone (in pons and medulla)

  • sound and equilibrium
28
Q

Where is the General Somativ afferent zone in the brainstem located?

Which nerve emerges from it?

Where does it emerge?

A

Trigeminal (V)

GSA zone: located in the middle of the (lateral) sensory devision of the brainstem

Three devisions emerge from Midbrain, Pons and Medulla

  • sensation from skin and mucus membranes
29
Q

Where is the General Visceral afferent and special visceral afferent zone in the brainstem located?

Which structures does it contain?

A

It is located most medial of the sensory devision (which is generally latera)

It contains the Solitarium

  • mainly in medulla oblangata
  • sensory nucleus sensing
    • taste, smell
    • GI tract, heart, vessels, lungs
30
Q

Where is the zone containing General Somatic efferent nuclei in the brainstem located?

What emerges from it?

What is its function

A

General somatic efferent

  • eye + tounge movement
  • most medial in brainstem

Via the

  • Occulumotor (III)
    • at midbrain
  • Trochlear (IV)
    • at midbrain
  • Aducens (V)
    • in pons
  • Hypoglossal (XII)
    • in medulla
31
Q

Where is the zone containing Special visceral efferent nerves in the brainstem located?

What emerges from it (where)?

What is its function

A

Special visceral efferent zone

  • medial within motor part (medial)
  • Muscels involved in
    • chewing
    • facial expression
    • swallowing
    • vocal sounds
    • head turning

Trigeminal (motor) (V)

  • Pons

Facial (VII)

  • Pons

Nucleus Ambiguus

  • Medulla
  • contains nerves innervating the sofe palate, pharynx, larynx

Accessory (XI)

  • Cervical spinal chord
32
Q

Where is the zone containing General visceral efferent fibres in the brainstem located?

What emerges from it (and where)?

What is its funciton?

A

General visceral efferent

  • Most lateral within motor part of brainstem (medial)
  • Contains preganglionic parasympathetic fibres

Edinger Westphal nucleus

  • Midbrain
  • PNS nucleus innervating ciliary muscle + iris sphincter mucle

Salivatory nuclei

  • Lower Pons+ Higher medulla

Vagus

  • Medulla
33
Q

What are the distinguishing structural features of the midbrain?

A
  • Mickey mouse shape
  • substantia niagra
  • aqueduct
34
Q

What are the distinguishing structural features of the pons?

A

Most prominent

  • transverse fibres
35
Q

What are the distinguishing structural features of the Medulla?

A
36
Q

What are the structural distinguishing features of the lower medulla?

A
37
Q

What is the lateral medullary syndrome?

A

Infarction of the dorolateral part of the medulla due to occlusion of the

  • vertebral artery
  • or posterior inferir cerebral artery
38
Q

What are the symptoma of the lateral medullary syndrome?

A
  • Vertigo (Schwindel)
  • Ipsilateral cerebellar ataxia (inability to coordinate balance, gait, extremity and eye movements)
  • Ipsilateral loss of pain/thermal sense (face)
  • Horner’s syndrome
  • Hoarseness, difficulty in swallowing
  • Contralateral loss of pain/thermal sense (trunk and limbs)
39
Q

What is Horner’s syndrome

A

Rare combination of

  • miosis (constriction of the pupil),
  • ptosis (drooping of the upper eyelid)
  • and anhidrosis (absence of sweating of the face)

–> caused by damage to the sympathetic nerves of the face.

40
Q

What is cerebellar ataxia?

A

Ataxia originating in the cerebellum

Characterised by:

inability to coordinate balance, gait, extremity and eye movements

Year 2 LCRS Neurology (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions