Brainstem and cranial nerves Flashcards
Recall the 7 functional classifications of cranial nerves
GSE, GVE, GSA, GVA, SSE, SVE, SVA
Recall the positioning of the 7 classifications of nuclei
From medial to lateral: GSE, SVE, GVE, GVA/SVA, GSA, SSA
Recall the functional classification and location of the Edinger Westphal nucleus
GVE, midbrain
Recall the functional classification and location of the Oculomotor nucleus
GSE, midbrain
Recall the functional classification and location of the trochlear nucleus
GSE, midbrain
Recall the functional classification and location of the trigeminal motor nucleus
SVE, midbrain
Recall the functional classification and location of the abducens nucleus
GSE, midbrain
Recall the functional classification and location of the facial nucleus?
SVE, midbrain
Recall the functional classification and location of the salivatory nuclei
GVE, pons and medulla
Recall the functional classification and location of the vagus nucleus
GVE, medulla
Recall the functional classification and location of the nucleus ambiguus
SVE, medulla
Recall the functional classification and location of the hypoglossal nucleus
GSE, medulla
Recall the functional classification and location of the accessory nucleus
SVE, cervical spine
What is the function of the Edinger Westphal nucleus?
Autonomic function of the oculomotor nerve
What is the function of the pineal gland?
Vital for maintaining circadian rhythm
What is the function of the dorsal columns?
They carry information about fine touch and proprioception
Recall the names, positions
and functions of the dorsal columns
Gracile fasciculus = medial: info from lower limb
Cuneate fascilculus = lateral: info from upper limb
What is secreted by the pineal gland?
Melatonin
Where are the colliculi located and what are their functions?
On the tectum:
Superior colliculi - visual area
Inferior colliculi - auditory reflexes
What muscle is supplied by the trochlear nerve?
Superior oblique
Recall 2 structures seen in the dorsal aspect of the pons
Rhomboid fossa
4th ventricle
Recall the key structures seen on the anterior view of the brainstem working from the olfactory bulbs rostrally
Olfactory bulbs Optic chiasm Oituitary stalk mamillary bodies cerebral peduncle transverse fibres of pons pyramids
Recall the points of emergence from the brainstem of each of the cranial nerves
1 - olfactory bulbs 2 - optic chiasm 3 - ponto-midbrain junction, medial 4 - ponto-midbrain junction, lateral 5 - pons, lateral 6 - pontomedullary junction, medial 7 - pontomedullary junction, lateral 8 - pontomedullary junction, lateral 9 - gracile fasciculus 10 - cuneate fasciculus 11 - cuneate fasciculus 12 - cuneate fasciculus
Recall the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve
- Opthalmic
- Mandibular
- Maxillary
Recall the function of the bridging fibres of the pons
Connect 2 halves of the cerebellum
What is the motor function of the trigeminal nerve?
Mastecation
What muscles are supplied by the accessory nerve?
Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
What is the name of the re-emerging cerebral peduncle at the medulla, and what is it composed of?
Pyramids - corticospinal tract
What is the main distinguishing structure that is seen in the midbrain?
Cerebral aqueduct
What is substantia nigra, where is it found and what is its clinical relevance?
Vital part of motor system that initiates movement, found in midbrain, is depigmented in Parkinson’s
What is the main distinguishing structure that is seen in the pons?
4th ventricle
Recall an example of a pathology associated with loss of brainstem function
Lateral medullary syndrome
