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Neuroanatomy and neurophysiology > Brainstem > Flashcards

Brainstem Flashcards

1
Q

Which parts of the brain make up the brainstem?

A

Medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, diencephalon

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2
Q

The medulla is between which parts of the CNS

A

Pons and spinal cord

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3
Q

Which furrow separates pons and medulla oblongata?

A

Pontomedullary sulcus

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4
Q

The medulla has an anterior median fissure that is continuous with that of the spinal cord. The anterior median fissure of the medulla separates which swellings?

A

Pyramids

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5
Q

The fibers of the pyramids

A

Corticospinal fibers

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6
Q

The boundaries of the pyramid

A

Anterior median sulcus, anterolateral sulcus

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7
Q

Which structures do the anterolateral sulci separate from the pyramids?

A

Olive

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8
Q

The boundaries of the olive

A

Anterolateral sulcus, medially

Posterolateral sulcus, laterally

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9
Q

Structures that connect the medulla to the cerabellum

A

Inferior cerebellar peduncles

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10
Q

Which cranial nerves arise from the groove between the olive and inferior cerebellar peduncle?

A

IX, V, cranial roots of XI

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11
Q

The posterior part of the medulla forms the floor of which structure?

A

Fourth ventricle

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12
Q

The posterior median sulcus of the medulla is continuous with that of the spinal cord. T/F

A

T

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13
Q

Which structures lie on each side of the posterior median sulcus?

A

Gracile tubercle

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14
Q

Which structure lies lateral to the gracile tubercle?

A

Cuneate tubercle

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15
Q

Which statement is FALSE regarding the overall architecture of the brainstem?

A. Sensory nuclei of cranial nerves and sensory tracts generally lie dorsolaterally.
B. The base of the brainstem contains the pyramidal tracts
C. Motor nuclei of cranial nerves lie within the tegmentum
D. The reticular formation begins in the pons and ends in the midbrain

A

D

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16
Q

Which pairing of structures does NOT match?

A. Pontomedullary sulcus: abducens nerve
B. Middle cerebellar peduncle: trigeminal nerve
C. Interpeduncular fossa: trochlear nerve
D. Anterolateral sulcus: vagus nerve

A

CD

17
Q

Which structure is NOT found within the cerebellopontine angle?

A. Trigeminal nerve
B. Abducens Nerve
C. Facial Nerve
D. Vestibulocochlear nerve

A

B

18
Q

Which statement is FALSE regarding the cranial nerves?

A. The spinal accessory nerve is actually a spinal nerve trapped within the skill
B. The vagus nerve is the longest cranial nerve
C. The trochlear nerve decussates at the midline of the dorsum of the midbrain
D. The abducens nerve fascicle forms a loop around the nucleus of the facial nerve

A

D

19
Q

Which structure is NOT found within the midbrain?

A. Red nucleus
B. Substantia Nigra
C. Medial longitudinal fasciculus
D. Main sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve

A

D

20
Q

Which structure is NOT found in the pons?

A. Facial Nucleus
B. Abducens Nucleus
C. Locus Coeruleus
D. Inferior Olivary Nucleus

A

D

21
Q

Which statement is FALSE regarding the medulla oblongata?

A. The hypoglossal nerve fibers pass between the
pyramid and the olive
B. The cranial nerve nucleus for swallowing is the nucleus ambiguus
C. The nucleus cuneatus lies medial to the nucleus gracilis
D. The apex of the fourth ventricle is called the obex

A

C

22
Q

The blood supply of the dorsal medulla comes from

A. Superior cerebellar arttery
B. Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
C. posterior inferior cerebellar artery
D. Anterior spinal artery

A

B

23
Q

True of Cranial Nerves

a. all CNs exit or enter the brainstem ventrally
b. all CNs are seen in the brainstem except CN1
c. CN 1,2 and 8 are pure sensory CNs
d. AOTA

A

C

24
Q

Cranial nerve 7 (facial nerve) exits in this structure

a. internal auditory meatus
b. hypoglossal foramen
c. foramen ovale
d. foramen rotundum

A

A

25
Q

Cranial nerve V3 (mandibular) exits in this structure

a. internal auditory meatus
b. hypoglossal foramen
c. foramen ovale
d. foramen rotundum

A

C

26
Q

The vagus nerve exits via the:

A. Interpeduncular fossa
B. Pontomedullary sulcus
C. Anterolateral sulcus
D. Posterolateral sulcus

A

D

27
Q

The obex is found in the:

A. Tectum
B. Facial fasciculus
C. Superior colliculus
D. Rostral medulla

A

D

28
Q

What is found in the anterolateral sulcus of the medulla?

A. Facial nerve
B. Vagus nerve
C. Hypoglossal nerve
D. Abducens nerve

A

C

Neuroanatomy and neurophysiology (16 decks)

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