Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Hugh's MD2 Ambulatory/ED > Brain Tumours > Flashcards

Brain Tumours Flashcards

1
Q

In what circumstances in surgery indicated for brain mets?

A

Symptomatic relief

Removal of a solitary secondary if the primary is well controlled

If the solitary met is in a easily assessible sight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What feature is common in oligodendroglioma’s that helps with there indentification on CT?

A

Calcification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Presentation with a visual field defects means the mass is likely to be where?

A

Temporal

Parietal

Occipital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Aproximately over what time period to GBM arise?

A

Weeks to a few months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do low and high grade gliomas differ in appearance on CT? (mention the effect of contrast)

A

Low grade typically hypodense and non-enhancing with little surround oedema

High grade typically enhance vividly, in a patchy manner with an irregular rim and oedema and necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What percentage of patients with cerebral astrocytomas have seizures?

A

50-75% of all patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do glioblastoma multiforme appear on MRI?

A

Heterogenous

Invasive

“eating away at the brain”

Not well circumscribed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How are metastases treated?

A

Steroids

Surgery

Radiotherapy

Anticonvulsants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Tumours that cause seizures are more likely to occur where in the brain?

A

Paracortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the adjuvant therapy to surgery for gliomas?

A

Local radiotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A tumour arising in one of the ventricles, what do you think of?

A

Ependymoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some common presenting symptoms of brain tumours?

A

Headache

Seizures

Focal neurological deficits

Mood/personality changes

Nausea and vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why are raised ICP headaches worse in the morning?

A

Lying down reduces venous drainage in the brain

You hypoventilate during sleep > Hypocapnoea > Cerebral vasodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where in the brain do mets often lie?

A

In the distribution of the MCA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which cancer’s commonly send mets to the brain?

A

Lung

Breast

Kidney

Melanoma

GIT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the characteristic features of a raised ICP headache?

A

Present upon waking

Associated with vomiting and relieved by it

Not localised to any point in the brain

17
Q

What is the most common primary brain tumour?

A

Gliomas namely, an astrocytoma and particular glioblastoma multiform

18
Q

What are the principles of management of a brain tumour?

A

Dexathasone to reduce inflammation

Resect as much as possible

Adjuvant therapy - Radiation or chemotherapy

19
Q

What is the Monro-Kellie doctrine?

A

The cranial is a fixed cavity with little ability for increasing the volume of its content

20
Q

What is the most important symptom of raised ICP? Why?

A

Drowsiness

Implies impending deterioration

21
Q

What factors determine prognosis of a brain tumour?

A

Age of patient (particularly >65)

Severity of neurological symptoms

Grade of tumour

Degree of surgical removal

22
Q

Which inherited disease puts people at increased risk of developing brain cancers?

A

Von Recklinghausen’s

Neurofibromatosis 1 and 2 (multiple tumour types occur)

Li Fraumeni syndrome (p53 loss predisposes to glioma)

23
Q

What are the gliomas’?

A

Astrocytoma

Oligodendrocytoma

Ependymoma

Medulloblastoma

24
Q

What is the classic histological features of a glioblastoma multiform?

A

Pallisading at the margin

Few normal astrocytes

Necrosis

25
Q

What are the most common tumours in the posterior fossa of adults?

A

Mets (95%)

Haemangioblastoma

Astrocytomas and medulloblastomas

26
Q

Which chemotherapy agent is often used for adjuvant therapy for malignant astrocytomas?

A

Temozolomide

27
Q

What is myokymia?

A

Benign twitching of a few muscles in a group

28
Q

What is the histopathological appearance of memingiomas?

A

Whirls

Hugh's MD2 Ambulatory/ED (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions