Brain Tumors Pt 1 Flashcards
Define neoplasm
A collection of cells with uncontrolled cell proliferation
Characteristics of neoplasm
Cells that have abnormal cellular processes that allow them to undergo uncontrolled cellular division
Define tumor
A mass of nonfunctional cells
Composition of benign tumors
Non-cancerous cells
Composition of malignant tumors
Cancerous cells that divide without control or order
Equation for CPP
Mean arterial pressure - intracranial pressure
Consequences of elevated intracranial pressure
Headaches
Nausea/vomiting
Seizures
Altered mental status/loss of consciousness
*some individuals will present with localized symptoms
2 types of tumors that refer to their location
Supratentorial
Infratentorial
According to the terminology road map, primary brain tumors make up of what percentage of all brain tumors?
40%
According to the terminology road map, secondary brain tumors make up of what percentage of all brain tumors?
60%
According to the terminology road map, primary tumors can either be…
Malignant or benign
According to the terminology road map, malignant tumors are…
Gliomas (graded 1-5)
According to the terminology road map, benign tumors are…
Extra-axial tumors
According to the terminology road map, secondary tumors are…
metastatic tumors
According to the terminology road map, where can metastatic tumors come from?
Via blood stream from: Skin Lung Breast Kidney
Cells of the central nervous system
Neurons
Glial cells
Neurons
Functional unit of the nervous system
Amount of glial cells relative to neurons
Outnumber neurons by 10-50:1
Types of glial cells
Astrocytes Oligodendrocytes Schwann cells Microglia Ependymal cells
Glial cells specific to CNS
Oligodendrocytes
Glial cells specific to PNS
Schwann cells
What do ependymal cells do
Line the ventricles and comprise the choroid plexus
Where do primary tumors originate from?
Glial cells
Grade 1 of the WHO Classification for Primary Malignant Tumors
Grow slowly, and are the most well defined by their cell origins
Grade 2 of the WHO Classification for Primary Malignant Tumors
Grow slowly, but have the ability to invade adjacent normal tissue, and may recur with higher grades of malignancy
Grade 3 of the WHO Classification for Primary Malignant Tumors
Tumors have actively reproducing abnormal cells that can infiltrate adjacent cells. Increased mitotic activity.
Grade 4 of the WHO Classification for Primary Malignant Tumors
Most malignant, rapid proliferation and infiltration to adjacent tissue. New blood vessels are produced in these tumors to maintain their rapid growth. Have a central area of necrosis.
Examples of Grade 1 primary malignant tumor
Pilocytic astrocytoma
Examples of Grade 2 primary malignant tumor
Low-grade astrocytoma
Examples of Grade 3 primary malignant tumor
Anaplastic astrocytoma
Anaplastic oligodendroglioma
Anaplastic oligoastrocytoma
Examples of Grade 4 primary malignant tumor
Glioblastoma
