Brain Tumors Pt 1

Question 1

Define neoplasm

Answer 1

A collection of cells with uncontrolled cell proliferation

Question 2

Characteristics of neoplasm

Answer 2

Cells that have abnormal cellular processes that allow them to undergo uncontrolled cellular division

Question 3

Define tumor

Answer 3

A mass of nonfunctional cells

Question 4

Composition of benign tumors

Answer 4

Non-cancerous cells

Question 5

Composition of malignant tumors

Answer 5

Cancerous cells that divide without control or order

Question 6

Equation for CPP

Answer 6

Mean arterial pressure - intracranial pressure

Question 7

Consequences of elevated intracranial pressure

Answer 7

Headaches
Nausea/vomiting
Seizures
Altered mental status/loss of consciousness
*some individuals will present with localized symptoms

Question 8

2 types of tumors that refer to their location

Answer 8

Supratentorial

Infratentorial

Question 9

According to the terminology road map, primary brain tumors make up of what percentage of all brain tumors?

Answer 9

40%

Question 10

According to the terminology road map, secondary brain tumors make up of what percentage of all brain tumors?

Answer 10

60%

Question 11

According to the terminology road map, primary tumors can either be…

Answer 11

Malignant or benign

Question 12

According to the terminology road map, malignant tumors are…

Answer 12

Gliomas (graded 1-5)

Question 13

According to the terminology road map, benign tumors are…

Answer 13

Extra-axial tumors

Question 14

According to the terminology road map, secondary tumors are…

Answer 14

metastatic tumors

Question 15

According to the terminology road map, where can metastatic tumors come from?

Answer 15

Via blood stream from:
Skin
Lung
Breast
Kidney

Question 16

Cells of the central nervous system

Answer 16

Neurons

Glial cells

Question 17

Neurons

Answer 17

Functional unit of the nervous system

Question 18

Amount of glial cells relative to neurons

Answer 18

Outnumber neurons by 10-50:1

Question 19

Types of glial cells

Answer 19

Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Schwann cells
Microglia
Ependymal cells

Question 20

Glial cells specific to CNS

Answer 20

Oligodendrocytes

Question 21

Glial cells specific to PNS

Answer 21

Schwann cells

Question 22

What do ependymal cells do

Answer 22

Line the ventricles and comprise the choroid plexus

Question 23

Where do primary tumors originate from?

Answer 23

Glial cells

Question 24

Grade 1 of the WHO Classification for Primary Malignant Tumors

Answer 24

Grow slowly, and are the most well defined by their cell origins

Question 25

Grade 2 of the WHO Classification for Primary Malignant Tumors

Answer 25

Grow slowly, but have the ability to invade adjacent normal tissue, and may recur with higher grades of malignancy

Question 26

Grade 3 of the WHO Classification for Primary Malignant Tumors

Answer 26

Tumors have actively reproducing abnormal cells that can infiltrate adjacent cells. Increased mitotic activity.

Question 27

Grade 4 of the WHO Classification for Primary Malignant Tumors

Answer 27

Most malignant, rapid proliferation and infiltration to adjacent tissue. New blood vessels are produced in these tumors to maintain their rapid growth. Have a central area of necrosis.

Question 28

Examples of Grade 1 primary malignant tumor

Answer 28

Pilocytic astrocytoma

Question 29

Examples of Grade 2 primary malignant tumor

Answer 29

Low-grade astrocytoma

Question 30

Examples of Grade 3 primary malignant tumor

Answer 30

Anaplastic astrocytoma
Anaplastic oligodendroglioma
Anaplastic oligoastrocytoma

Question 31

Examples of Grade 4 primary malignant tumor

Answer 31

Glioblastoma