BRAIN TUMORS Flashcards
Different types of edema?
Order to report a brain tumor?
IDH MUTATIONS
- Where they occur?
- What they do?
- Affect prognosis?
- How to detect?
Meningioma according to WHO new classification is under which group?
Genetic main feature?
Grades of meningioma?
Best way to differentiate grades of Solitary Fibrous Tumor/Hemangioperycitoma?
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Tumors that can arise from the Optic Nerve?
Meningioma imaging characteristics?
Main:
- Homogenous enhancement
- Dural tail
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Meningioma, signal in T1 and T2?
Dural tail definition?
Low signal inside meningioma, corresponde to?… (3)
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What is a CSF cleft sign?
Name the signs of extra-axial location in lesions.
4DEFINITIVE and 4SUGGESTIVE?
Specific forms of meningioma (4)?
Intraventricular meningioma.
- Most common location?
- Cause?
What is the most common intraventricular mass in adults?
And in children?
Intraventricular meningioma most common age group?
If it appears in a child, what disease should we suspect?
DDx?
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Main difference between OSTEOMA vs TOTALLY CALCIFIED MENINGIOMA?
hEMANGIOPERYCITOMA main features?
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Which cells originate hemangioperycitoma?
There is any different form in comparison with meningiomas?
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Although Linphoma normally has no Calvarial Invasion
When to think of Hemangioperycitoma?
General Topics LYMPHOMA?
LYMPHOMA CEREBRAL
- Most common type?
- Associated virus?
- % in AIDS patients?
- Preferential location?
- % Multifocality?
Can contact Ependyma OR Leptomeninges (BUT NO DURAL BASE)
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Main Imaging features of LYMPHOMA?
Attention: is hyperdense in non-enhanced CT
Lymphoma in HIV:
-Imaging and General features?
What really pops is: ring enhancement / more edema
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Types of CNS tumors and their %?
Whats the meaning of glioma? Whats the most common glioma?
GLIAL TUMORS according to WHO modified 2016?
(dont forget the main mutations)
ATTENTION:
ASTROCYTOMA IDH mutated + 1p19q intacto has 3 grades:
*WHO grade II - Diffuse Astrocytoma
*WHO grade III - Anaplastic Astrocytoma
*WHO grade IV - Grade IV Astrocytoma
Definition of Astrocytic Tumors?
Which mutation is present in Pilocytic Astro? Can appear elsewhere?
PILOCYTIC ASTRO general features
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Which WHO grade corresponds PILOCYTIC ASTRO?
Imaging features can occur in PILO ASTRO:
- regarding enhancement?
- Hemmorraghe?
- Calcification?
General features SEGA?
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Intracerebral imaging features that correlate with Tuberous Sclerosis?
Imaging features SEGA?
General features of PXA?
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Characteristics of the nodule of PXA?
General features PYLOMIXOID ASTROCYTOMA?
Common location of PILOMYXOID ASTROCYTOMAS?
Imaging features?
Px of PYLOMIXOID ASTRO?
DDx and how to differentiate?
ATTENTION: U can differentiate by imaging a PYLO from a PYLOMIXOID!!
When Molecular markers are not available for classification of tumors, how to procede?
In relation to Diffuse Gliomas, name from better to worse prognosis?
Refer to the mutations aswell.
DIFFUSE ASTRO - major points?
Main ddx of Diffuse Astro?
How to differentiate?
DIFFUSE ASTRO is a WHO grade II. How would u consider the risk of progression to higher grades?
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There is any possibility a DIFFUSE ASTRO can show enhancement?
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3 Main Clinical Presentations of MOST PARENCHYMAL TUMOURS?
MRI of ANAPLASTIC ASTROCYTOMAS?
What is the T2-FLAIR mismatch sign?
ATRX mutated is equal to…?
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Anaplastic Astrocytoma spectroscopy?
DDx Diffuse Anaplastic Gliomas?
Name the genetic changes in Oligodendroglioma?
Preferential age affected by Oligodendroglioma?
Main clinic manifestations of Olgodendroglioma (3)?
Imaging of Oligodendrogliomas?
How is the edema in Oligodend.?
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Molecular requirements to diagnose an Oligoastrocytoma?
- Imaging of Oligod.?
- Treatment of Oligod.?
Differences between GBM “IDH mutated” vs “Wildtype”?
Treatment used recently for Diffuse Gliomas WHO II/III with codeletion 1p/19q?
MRI appearance of GBM?
Can u differentiate in MRI the IDH status?
GBM corresponds to % of all Brain tumors?
% of all Gliomas?
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Typical areas of GBM?
% of crossing the midline?
How is the enhancement?
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In this case with Heterogenous Enhancement; rather than Marginal!
Signal of GBM in different sequences?
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major points on Gliomatosis Cerebrii?
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How is the typical clinic in Gliomatosis Cerebrii?
Treatment of Gliomatosis Cerebri? Problems that might occur?
MRI of Gliomatosis Cerebri?
DDx of Gliomatosis cerebri?
considering the lack of enhancemente PML is the most important (but the latter happens in immunocompromised states!)
contexts of PML?
which virus and what cells are affected?
pml symptoms? seizure is possible, and why?
it affects the spinal cord?
how to make the final diagnose?
what areas are most affected in pml?
MORE COMMON: assimetric + supratentorial + WM&subcorticalUfibers
difference between pml vs hiv encephalopathy in ct?
mri of pml?
is enhancement possible, when?
NO MASS EFFECT / NO ENHANCEMENT!
prognosis of pml?
DDx of PML?
U can also consider Diffuse Glioma (due to the lack of enhancement); but has more mass effect
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Can PML occur in the setting of MS?
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How is the enhancement in metastases?
% of supratentorial metastases?
% of solitary deposits?
mri imaging of metastases?
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The edema is the key
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METASTASES - origins of solitary deposits?
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METASTASES - appearance in CT?
ENHANCEMENT SUMMARY - sol`s with homogenous enhancement?
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ENHANCEMENT SUMMARY - sol with heterogenous enhancement?
ENHANCEMENT SUMMARY - sol with marginal enhancement?
ENHANCEMENT SUMMARY - sol`s with enhancing mual nodule?
also pylomyxoid astro
ENHANCEMENT SUMMARY - sol`s with variable pattern enhancement?
ENHANCEMENT SUMMARY - sol`s with no enhancement?
TUMOR RESPONSE - how to evaluate it, post tx?
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pseudoprogression according to RANO?
why it happens (4)?
which molecular characteristic correlates with pseudoprogression in gbm?
what type of GBM has more tendency to progress after qt/rt?
the longer u have pseudoprogression, affect the px?
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what improves my confidence level in identifying pseudoprogression (5)?
how to integrate perfusion imaging results in the follow up?
HEMORRAGHE
appearance in MRI and CT in relation with time
