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A+P: Nervous > Brain Structures > Flashcards

Brain Structures Flashcards

1
Q

prosencephalon

A

gives rise to forebrain (telencephalon and diencephalon)

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2
Q

mesencephalon

A

gives rise to midbrain

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3
Q

rhombencephalon

A

gives rise to hindbrain (metencephalon and myelencephalon)

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4
Q

telencephalon

A

cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, hippocampus, and amygdala

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5
Q

diencephalon

A

thalamus and hypothalamus

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6
Q

mesencephalon

A

tectum and tegmentum

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7
Q

metencephalon

A

pons and cerebellum

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8
Q

myelencephalon

A

medulla

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9
Q

frontal lobe

A

voluntary control of skeletal muscles

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10
Q

parietal

A

sensory perception

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11
Q

occipital

A

visual stimuli

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12
Q

temporal

A

auditory and olfactory stimuli

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13
Q

insula

A

links conscious thoughts with unconscious autonomic functions

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14
Q

longitudinal fissure

A

separates left and right

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15
Q

precentral gyrus

A

bump in front of central sulcus

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16
Q

central sulcus

A

unbroken groove separating frontal and parietal lobes

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17
Q

postcentral gyrus

A

bump behind central sulcus

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18
Q

parieto-occipital groove

A

groove separating parietal and occipital lobes

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19
Q

lateral sulcus

A

separates frontal and temporal lobes

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20
Q

cerebellum

A

helps coordinate skeletal muscle contractions and movements

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21
Q

folia

A

fold between gray matter of cerebellar cortex

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22
Q

arbor vitae

A

white matter tracts of cerebellum

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23
Q

cerebral peduncles

A

bottom bumps on back of midbrain, under corpora quadrigemina, bridge between brain stem and cerebral cortex

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24
Q

cerebral peduncles contain

A

ascending sensory tracts and descending motor tracts

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25
Q

inferior cerebellar peduncles

A

medulla to cerebellum connection

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26
Q

middle cerebellar peduncles

A

pons to cerebellum connection

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27
Q

superior cerebellar peduncles

A

midbrain to cerebellum

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28
Q

corpora quadrigemnia

A

four bumps on back of midbrain

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29
Q

superior colliculi

A

upper bumps, reflexes for movement of eyes and head in response to visual stimuli

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30
Q

inferior colliculi

A

lower bumps, reflexes for movement of head and trunk in response to auditory stimuli

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31
Q

medulla oblongata

A

lowest part of brain stem

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32
Q

medulla cardiovascular center

A

regulates rate and force of heartbeat

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33
Q

medullary rhythmicity area

A

adjust basic rhythm of breathing via inspiratory and expiratory areas

34
Q

medulla cranial nerves

35
Q

pons

A

chubby middle of brain stem, connects medulla and superior brain structures

36
Q

pons pneumotaxic area

A

inhibitory impulses to inspiratory area of medulla

37
Q

pons apneustic area

A

stimulatory impulses to inspiratory area of medulla

38
Q

pons cranial nerves

39
Q

olfactory bulb

A

bulb at end of olfactory nerve

40
Q

olfactory tract

A

long part of olfactory nerve

41
Q

pituitary gland

A

brain bean, produces hormones for homeostasis ( growth, sex hormones, etc.)

42
Q

substantia nigra

A

nuclei of midbrain that control subconscious muscle activities through the production of dopamine

43
Q

reticular activating system

A

network of interconnected nuclei in midbrain that help with sleep and waking up

44
Q

infundibulum

A

connect hypothalamus to pituitary gland

45
Q

mammillary body

A

front top bulb on midbrain behind hypothalamus, relay center for smell reflexes

46
Q

premotor area

A

sloppy bumps in front of precentral gyrus, coordinates muscle movement

47
Q

primary motor area

A

precentral gyrus, plan and coordinate voluntary movements

48
Q

somatosensory association area

A

most of parietal lobe, integrates sensory info from primary somatosensory area

49
Q

primary somatosensory area

A

postcentral gyrus, senses (touch, cold, hot, pain, etc)

50
Q

visual association area

A

most of occipital lobe, processes more visual detail

51
Q

primary visual area

A

bottom two gyruses of occipital lobe, processes visual info

52
Q

auditory association area

A

u-shape around primary auditory area, processes more auditory detail

53
Q

primary auditory area

A

square bump at end of central sulcus where it meets the lateral sulcus, processes auditory info

54
Q

corpus callosum

A

white matter in center, connects two halves of brain

55
Q

septum pellucidum

A

little front window under corpus callosum

56
Q

fornix

A

white matter flap separating septum pellucidum from diencephalon

57
Q

intermediate mass

A

ball in thalamus, connects right and left sides of brain

58
Q

thalamus

A

gray matter ball in center, principal relay station for sensory impulses and cognition

59
Q

medial geniculate nucleus of thalamus

A

auditory impulses

60
Q

lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus

A

visual impulses

61
Q

ventral geniculate nucleus of thalamus

A

taste impulses

62
Q

hypothalamus

A

triangle below thalamus, regulates homeostasis

63
Q

hypothalamus functions

A

autonomic functions, hormones, urine, labor contractions, primitive emotions, eating and drinking, body temperature, sleep

64
Q

pineal gland

A

little guy behind thalamus, produces serotonin and melatonin

65
Q

midbrain cranial nerves

66
Q

cerebral cranial nerves

67
Q

limbic system

A

insula, emotions, memory

68
Q

choroid plexuses

A

capillary beds that form blood-brain barrier and produce csf

69
Q

lateral ventricles

A

behind septum pellucidum, produces csf

70
Q

interventricular foramen

A

connects lateral and third ventricles

71
Q

third ventricle

A

under thalamus, produces csf

72
Q

cerebral aqueduct

A

drains from midbrain to cerebellum, connects third and fourth ventricles

73
Q

fourth ventricle

A

room in front of cerebellum, produces csf

74
Q

lateral and median apertures

A

where csf moves out to subarachnoid space

75
Q

pia mater

A

layer closest to brain

76
Q

subarachnoid space

A

where csf flows around the brain

77
Q

arachnoid villi

A

structures that help recycle csf

78
Q

superior sagittal sinus

A

where csf goes to be recycled in the bloodstream

79
Q

arachnoid mater

A

fluffy stuff

80
Q

dura mater

A

top tough layer

A+P: Nervous (5 decks)

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