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Psychology > Brain Structure and Functions Test > Flashcards

Brain Structure and Functions Test Flashcards

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1
Q

CEREBRAL CORTEX

A

The outer layer of the brain – higher mental processes and

complex behaviours

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2
Q

CORPUS CALLOSUM

A

Connects left and right

hemispheres of the cerebral cortex

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3
Q

HIPPOCAMPUS

A

Long term memory and spatial orientation

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4
Q

AMYGDALA

A

Responsible for aggression and fear; emotional memory

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5
Q

MIDBRAIN

A

Co-ordinated movement, sleep and arousal

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6
Q

SPINAL CORD

A

Relays information between brain and body; some simple reflexes

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7
Q

FOREBRAIN

A

Upper level structures- higher order thinking processes eg. problem solving and planning

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8
Q

HYPOTHALAMUS

A

Regulates emotions and ‘instinctive’ drive

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9
Q

BRAINSTEM

A

Regulates reflex survival responses

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10
Q

PONS

A

Controls movement, breathing, sleeping, dreams and waking

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11
Q

CEREBELLUM

A

Perception and cognition,

balance and fine muscle control

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12
Q

MEDULLA

A

Heartbeat, breathing and other vital bodily functions

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13
Q

HINDBRAIN

A

The link between the spinal

cord and the brain – includes the brainstem, pons, cerebellum, medulla

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14
Q

RETICULAR FORMATION

A

Important in the control of arousal in the sleep/wake cycle. Also part of both midbrain and hindbrain.

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15
Q

5 developmental plasticity stages in order

A 
Proliferation
Migration
Circuit Formation
Circuit Pruning (Synaptic)
Myelination
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16
Q

Which of the following neuroimaging techniques would provide the most precise information on brain function?

A

fMRI scan

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17
Q

The brain vs heart debate

A

proposes that both the heart and brain contribute to human mental processes and behaviour

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18
Q

A phrenologist examined

A

lumps, bumps and indentations of the skull

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19
Q

The autonomic nervous system is divided into two further branches

A

the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

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20
Q

The end of the axon is referred to as what?

A

terminal buttons

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21
Q

What is the term used to describe information that is sent down the axon in the form of electrical charges?

A

action potential

22
Q

When Chantel is writing an essay, the muscle activity she used to guide her pen is dominated by the activity of the ______________ nervous system?

A

somatic

23
Q

When you feel you are faced with an emergency or you are frightened or angry, the part of the nervous system that becomes more active is the

A

sympathetic NS

24
Q

When a neuron reaches its threshold, what occurs?

A

action potential

25
Q

Information received by the receptor cells is sent to what type of neurons and these transmit an afferent message to where respectively?

A

sensory neurons ; the spinal cord

26
Q

Lobes and their motor cortexs

what do they do

A

Frontal Lobe - primary motor cortex (personality, decision-making, brocas area)
Occipital Lobe - primary visual cortex (identifying objects)
Temporal Lobe - primary auditory cortex (hearing, facial recognition, memory, wernicke’s area)
Parietal Lobe - primary somatosensory cortex (touch, temperature, receives information from the 5 senses)

27
Q

Spatial neglect is commonly associated with damage to which area of the brain?

A

Right parietal lobe

28
Q

Which of the following is not a psychological change that may be caused by a severe brain injury to the frontal lobe?

Impulsive behaviour.
Aggressiveness.
Difficulty with voluntary movement and motor activities.
Inability to plan activities and use foresight.

A

Difficulty with voluntary movement and motor activities.

29
Q

In adaptive plasticity, the growth of new dendrites to make new neural connections is referred to as?

A

Sprouting

30
Q

Which part of the brain is the last to undergo myelination?

A

Pre-frontal cortex

31
Q

In adaptive plasticity, what does the process ‘reorganisation’ involve?

A

A shift in neural connections which alters the function of a particular part of the brain

32
Q

Our brain reaches half it’s adult size by the age of

A

6 months

33
Q

What is the purpose of the cerebral cortex being convoluted?

A

To increase the surface area to volume ratio so that the cortex fits into the skull and to allow more blood flow, oxygen and glucose to the brain.

34
Q

The right hemisphere is responsible for speech production and language comprehension.

A

False

35
Q

The right hemisphere of the human brain is dominant for which of the following functions?

A

Spatial ability

36
Q

Following a car accident, Christine suffered partial paralysis and is unable to move her right arm and hand. Which area of her brain was likely damaged?

A

Left motor cortex

37
Q

Emily is stung by a mosquito on her left foot. The pain of the sting will be registered in

A

The top of her right somatosensory cortex

38
Q

Images flashed in the left visual field are processed in the right occipital lobe of the brain.

A

True

39
Q

Which area of the brain is described as the ‘sensory relay station’ where incoming sensory information is filtered and transferred to the appropriate area of the cortex ?

A

Thalamus

40
Q

Which of the following brain structures is not part of the forebrain?

A

Reticular formation

41
Q

Which brain region is primarily responsible for regulating vital bodily functions that are essential for survival?

A

Hindbrain

42
Q

Sonia is lying on the beach sunbaking. She is feeling quite relaxed and starts nodding off. Sonia’s ___________ has become _______ active which has reduced her level of arousal.

A

RAS; less

43
Q

Which of the following responses is the somatic nervous system responsible for?

Sweating after a run
Blinking to a puff of air
Picking up a book
Jumping when you hear a loud noise

A

Picking up a book

44
Q

The sympathetic nervous system would be dominant in which of the following examples?

A

Waiting to receive your ATAR score

45
Q

The division of the nervous system that automatically returns bodily systems back to a state of calm after heightened activity is the___________ nervous system.

A

Parasympathetic

46
Q

Which division of the nervous system transmits messages to initiate voluntary muscle activity?

A

Somatic

47
Q

Your door bell rings unexpectedly at 1am, suddenly your heart starts beating faster. Which division of the nervous system would be activated when this happens?

A

Sympathetic

48
Q

Alyse stays up late to watch a horror movie. During the movie she becomes very frightened and her fight/flight response is triggered, and then she calms down.

a) Which branch of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for triggering Alyse’s fight/flight response?
b) Describe two physiological responses that Alyse may experience when her fight/flight response is triggered.
c) Explain how these physiological responses aid survival in a life-threatening situation.

A

Sympathetic Nervous System

Heart rate increases and pupils dilating

Pupils dilate in order to let more light in the see more clearly and your heart beats/pumps faster in order to allow more blood flow around the body faster.

49
Q

Sensory neurons carry messages to the ___________ nervous system, while motor neurons carry messages away from the ____________ nervous system.

A

Central; central

50
Q

A distinction between motor neurons and sensory neurons is that:

A

Motor neurons carry information away from the CNS, whereas sensory neurons carry information to the CNS.

51
Q

The role of the dendrite is to:

A

Detect and receive neural information from neighboring neurons.

52
Q

Pam is taking part in an experiment that involves sorting beads into two groups while wearing a blindfold. The first part of this task involves Pam picking up each bead and deciding whether it is rough or smooth. The second part of this task involves Pam placing the bead in it’s appropriate group.

a) What type of neuron is responsible for enabling Pam to tell if a bead is rough or smooth?
b) Identify the main function performed by Pam’s central nervous system while she carries out each task.

A

Sensory Neurons

Task 1: The CNS processes sensory information to tell you whether the bead texture is smooth or rough.

Task 2: The CNS initiates a voluntary motor response to be able to tell her which group the bead belongs to whether smooth or rough.

Psychology (9 decks)

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