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Brain Bee National Final > Brain Stem Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Brain Stem Cranial Nerves Flashcards

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1
Q

What is cranial nerve 1?

A

olfactory nerve

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2
Q

What is cranial nerve 2?

A

optic nerve

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3
Q

What is cranial nerve 3?

A

oculomotor nerve

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4
Q

What is cranial nerve 4?

A

trochlear nerve

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5
Q

What is cranial nerve 5?

A

trigeminal nerve

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6
Q

What is cranial nerve 6?

A

abducens nerve

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7
Q

What is cranial nerve 7?

A

facial nerve

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8
Q

What is cranial nerve 8?

A

vestibulocochlear nerve

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9
Q

What is cranial nerve 9?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

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10
Q

What is cranial nerve 10?

A

vagus nerve

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11
Q

What is cranial nerve 11?

A

accessory nerve

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12
Q

What is cranial nerve 12?

A

hypoglossal nerve

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13
Q

What cranial nerves are connected with the forebrain?

A

the olfactory (1) and optic (2) nerve

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14
Q

What cranial nerves arise from the brainstem?

A

cranial nerves 3 to 12

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15
Q

Where does the oculomotor nerve emerge from?

A

the interpeduncular fossa from the ventral surface of the midbrain

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16
Q

what does the trochlear nerve (4n) wind around after exiting the dorsal surface of the isthmus?

A

the cerebral peduncle

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17
Q

where does the trochlear nerve exit?

A

the dorsal surface of the isthmus

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18
Q

Where does the trigeminal nerve emerge from?

A

the basilar pons

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19
Q

what are the two parts of the trigeminal nerve?

A

the larger sensory root
the smaller motor root

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20
Q

where does the abducens nerve emerge from?

A

the caudal border of the pons

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21
Q

where do the facial nerve and vestibulocochlear nerve leave the brainstem from?

A

the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the hindbrain

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22
Q

The rootlets of the glossopharyngeal nerve (9n), vagus nerve (10n), and accessory nerve (11n) form a line where?

A

at the lateral margin of the caudal hindbrain

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23
Q

The rootlets of the hypoglossal nerve emerge from where?

A

the lateral border of the pyramid.

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24
Q

the paired oculomotor nuclei are found where?

A

at the level of the superior colliculus
(close to the midline, and ventral to the periaqueductal grey matter.)

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25
Q

The fibers of the oculomotor nerve course through ___ on their way to ___.

A
  1. the red nucleus
  2. the interpeduncular fossa
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26
Q

The main oculomotor nucleus contains somatic motor neurons that supply what?

A

all the eye muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles.

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27
Q

The smaller Edinger–Westphal nucleus contains preganglionic parasympathetic neurons that supply what?

A

the constrictor of the pupil and the ciliary muscle

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28
Q

What supplies the constrictor of the pupil and the ciliary body?

A

preganglionic parasympathetic neurons of the smaller Edinger–Westphal nucleus

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29
Q

Damage to the oculomotor nerve results in what?

A

a divergent squint
drooping of the eyelid
dilatation of the pupil.

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30
Q

what is divergent squint?

A

when the eye on the paralyzed side is pulled laterally and downwards away from the line of vision

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31
Q

drooping of the eyelid is called:

A

ptosis

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32
Q

How does damage to the oculomotor nerve cause ptosis?

A

due to partial paralysis of the eyelid raising muscle

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33
Q

Where is the trochlear nucleus located?

A

immediately caudal to the oculomotor complex dorsolateral to the medial longitudinal fasciculus

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34
Q

What segment of the brainstem is the trochlear nucleus in?

A

the isthmus

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35
Q

The small trochlear nerve exits where?

A

the dorsal surface of the brain stem

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36
Q

.The trochlear nerve crosses the midline in the ___ before winding around the ___.

A
  1. superior medullary velum
  2. cerebral peduncle
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37
Q

What muscle does the trochlear nerve supply?

A

the superior oblique muscle of the eye.

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38
Q

what does the trigeminal nerve supply?

A

the skin of the face
the muscles of mastication (the chewing muscles)

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39
Q

what are the chewing muscles called?

A

the muscles of mastication

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40
Q

The sensory fibers of the trigeminal nerve connect to:

A

a series of large nuclei extending from the rostral hindbrain to the spinal cord

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41
Q

The principal sensory trigeminal nucleus is found where?

A

at the level where the trigeminal nerve connects with the hindbrain

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42
Q

The trigeminal motor nucleus lies ___ to the principal sensory nucleus.

A

medial

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43
Q

What are all the nuclei of the trigeminal complex?

A

the (principal) sensory trigeminal nucleus
the trigeminal motor nucleus
the spinal (descending) nuclei
the mesencephalic nuclei

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44
Q

The spinal nucleus of the trigeminal complex is found where?

A

in the dorsolateral hindbrain at all levels below the principal nucleus

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45
Q

the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal complex is continuous caudally with what?

A

the substantia gelatinosa of the spinal cord.

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46
Q

The mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal system is ___ in low power sections.

A

small and difficult to see

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47
Q

What does the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal system consist of?

A

a single layer of large round cells on the edge of the periaqueductal gray matter of the midbrain.

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48
Q

What does the abducens nerve supply?

A

the lateral rectus muscle of the eye

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49
Q

The abducens nucleus lies next to what?

A

the midline close to the medial longitudinal fasciculus.

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50
Q

The fibers of the emerging abducens nerve can be seen running ___ through the ___.

A
  1. dorsoventrally
  2. tegmentum of the hindbrain
51
Q

the facial nerve supplies what?

A

the muscles of the face
taste sensory fibers to the front of the tongue
parasympathetic fibers to the submandibular salivary gland and other small glands in the head

52
Q

The motor fibers leaving the main facial nucleus take an unusual course through the hindbrain. They travel ___ to curl around the ___ before heading ___ to exit the brainstem ventral to the ___.

A
  1. dorsomedially
  2. abducens nucleus
  3. ventrolaterally
  4. trigeminal sensory nucleus
53
Q

Taste fibers in the facial nerve connect with what nucleus?

A

the nucleus of the solitary tract.

54
Q

The vestibulocochlear nerve receives sensory fibers from:

A

the organs of balance (mainly the semicircular canals) and hearing (the cochlea).

55
Q

In a transverse section of the junction of the pons and medulla, the vestibulocochlear nerve enters the brainstem as___, which straddle the___.

A
  1. two separate bundles
  2. inferior cerebellar peduncle
56
Q

Those vestibulocochlear nerves entering ventral to the inferior cerebellar peduncle are the ___,

A

vestibular fibers

57
Q

Those vestibulocochlear nerves seen dorsal and lateral to the inferior cerebellar peduncle are the ___.

A

cochlear fibers

58
Q

The dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei are seen as:embedded within the fibers of the cochlear nerve as is arches around the peduncle.

A

pale areas

59
Q

The dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei are embedded within the ___ as is arches around the ___.

A
  1. fibers of the cochlear nerve
  2. inferior cerebellar peduncle
60
Q

What is the most prominent vestibulocochlear nucleus?

A

the dorsal cochlear nucleus

61
Q

When is the dorsal cochlear nucleus easily recognizable in sections?

A

as it surmounts the inferior cerebellar peduncle

62
Q

What four nuclei comprise the vestibular nuclear complex?

A

superior, lateral, medial, and spinal (descending) vestibular nuclei

63
Q

The four nuclei of the vestibular nuclear complex are arranged within a ___-shaped area in the ___.

A
  1. diamond
  2. floor of the fourth ventricle
64
Q

The glossopharyngeal nerve receives what? , which terminates in the nucleus of the solitary tract.

A

taste fibers from the posterior third of the tongue

65
Q

where does the glossopharyngeal nerve that receives taste fibers terminate?

A

the nucleus of the solitary tract

66
Q

The glossopharyngeal nerve contains parasympathetic fibers that supply what?

A

the parotid salivary gland

67
Q

The glossopharyngeal nerve contains parasympathetic fibers that supply the parotid salivary gland which arises where?

A

in the inferior salivatory nucleus.

68
Q

The glossopharyngeal nerve supplies:

A

single pharyngeal muscle
the palatoglossus
the parotid salivary gland

69
Q

The glossopharyngeal nerve supplies a single pharyngeal muscle, the palatoglossus, with fibers that arise in what?

A

the nucleus ambiguous.

70
Q

The vagus nerve supplies parasympathetic fibers to what?

A

the thoracic and abdominal viscera.

71
Q

The parasympathetic nucleus of the vagus (the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus) lies just medial to what? in sections of the open medulla.

A

the sulcus limitans

72
Q

The parasympathetic nucleus of the vagus is the:

A

the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus

73
Q

The nucleus of the solitary tract lies ___ to the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus.

A

just lateral

74
Q

The nucleus of the solitary tract receives taste fibers from where?

A

the facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves
general visceral afferent fibers from the vagus nerve

75
Q

The nucleus ambiguous contains what type of neurons?, which supply the pharynx, palate, and larynx muscles via the vagus, cranial accessory, and glossopharyngeal nerves.

A

large multipolar motor neurons

76
Q

The nucleus ambiguous contains large multipolar motor neurons, which supply what via the vagus, cranial accessory, and glossopharyngeal nerves?

A

the pharynx, palate, and larynx muscles

77
Q

The nucleus ambiguous contains large multipolar motor neurons, which supply the pharynx, palate, and larynx muscles via what?

A

the vagus, cranial accessory, and glossopharyngeal nerves.

78
Q

The cranial part of the accessory nerve arises from where?

A

the nucleus ambiguous

79
Q

The cranial part of the accessory nerve is considered by many to be part of:

A

the vagus nerve

80
Q

What does the cranial part of the accessory nerve contribute to?

A

the vagal supply of the pharynx.

81
Q

The spinal root of the accessory nerve supplies what?

A

sternomastoid and trapezius muscles in the neck

82
Q

The spinal root of the accessory nerve is what type of nerve?

A

a motor nerve

83
Q

The spinal root of the accessory nerve arises from where?

A

motoneurons in cervical spinal cord levels C2 to C4.

84
Q

The spinal root of the accessory nerve travels into the ___ to join briefly with the ___ before descending into the ___.

A
  1. cranial cavity
  2. vagus nerve
  3. posterior triangle of the neck
85
Q

The hypoglossal nerve supplies what?

A

the muscles of the tongue

86
Q

The hypoglossal nucleus lies ___ to the medial longitudinal fasciculus

A

immediately dorsal

87
Q

The hypoglossal nucleus lies medial to the ___.

A

dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus in the floor of the fourth ventricle

88
Q

The hypoglossal nerve fibers travel ___ to emerge between ___ .

A
  1. ventrally
  2. the inferior olive and pyramid
89
Q

The fibers that travel in the cranial nerves can be classified on the basis of ___.

A
  1. their functions
90
Q

Efferent (motor) fibers are classified as either”:

A

somatic efferent,
visceral efferent
branchial efferent

91
Q

Afferent (sensory) fibers are classified as either:

A

somatic sensory,
visceral sensory,
special sensory

92
Q

What is/are the functional component/s of the Olfactory nerve?

A

special sensory

93
Q

What is/are the functional component/s of the optic nerve?

A

special sensory

94
Q

What is/are the functional component/s of the oculomotor nerve?

A

somatic motor
visceral motor

95
Q

What is/are the functional component/s of the trochlear nerve?

A

somatic motor

96
Q

What is/are the functional component/s of the trigeminal nerve?

A

somatic motor
branchial motor

97
Q

What is/are the functional component/s of the abducens nerve?

A

somatic motor

98
Q

What is/are the functional component/s of the facial nerve?

A

somatic sensory
branchial motor

99
Q

What is/are the functional component/s of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

special sensory

100
Q

What is/are the functional component/s of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

branchial motor
visceral motor
special sensory
visceral sensory

101
Q

What is/are the functional component/s of the vagus nerve?

A

visceral motor
visceral sensory
branchial motor

102
Q

What is/are the functional component/s of the accessory nerve (spinal part)?

A

somatic motor

102
Q

What is/are the functional component/s of the hypoglossal nerve?

A

somatic motor

103
Q

What is the function of the special sensory component of the olfactory nerve?

A

sensation of smell

104
Q

What is the function of the special sensory component of the optic nerve?

A

sensation of vision

105
Q

What is the function of the somatic motor component of the opculomotor nerve?

A

controls four of the six eye muscles and the eyelid msucles

106
Q

What is the function of the visceral motor component of the oculomotor nerve?

A

parasympathetic control of the lens and pupil

107
Q

What is the function of the somatic motor component of the trochlear nerve?

A

controls the superior oblique muscle of the eye

108
Q

What is the function of the somatic sensory component of the trigeminal nerve?

A

sensation from the skin of the face

109
Q

What is the function of the branchial motor component of the trigeminal nerve?

A

controls the muscles of the jaw

110
Q

What is the function of the somatic motor component of the abducens nerve?

A

controls the lateral rectus muscle of the eye

111
Q

What is the function of the somatic sensory component of the facial nerve?

A

taste sensation from the front of the tongue

112
Q

What is the function of the branchial motor component of the facial nerve?

A

controls the muscles of the face

113
Q

What is the function of the special sensory component of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

sensations of hearing and balance

114
Q

What is the function of the branchial motor component of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

controls one of the muscles of the pharynx

115
Q

What is the function of the visceral motor component of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

parasympathetic control of the parotid salivary gland

116
Q

What is the function of the special sensory component of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

taste sensation from the back part of the tongue

117
Q

What is the function of the visceral sensory component of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

detection of blood pressure changes

118
Q

What is the function of the visceral motor component of the vagus nerve?

A

parasympathetic control of internal organs of the thorax and abdomen

119
Q

What is the function of the visceral sensory component of the vagus nerve?

A

sensation from the internal organs

120
Q

What is the function of the branchial motor component of the vagus nerve?

A

controls the muscles of the pharynx and larynx

121
Q

What is the function of the somatic motor component of the accessory nerve (spinal part)?

A

controls two large neck muscles

122
Q

What is the function of the somatic motor component of the hypoglossal nerve?

A

controls the muscles of the tongue

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