Brain Stem and Cranial Nerves

Question 1

Medial Medullary Syndrome (Dejerine Syndrome) is caused by occlusion of what artery

Answer 1

anterior spinal artery

Question 2

Medial Medullary Syndrome (Dejerine Syndrome) symptoms

Answer 2

-contralateral hemiparesis of trunk/extremities
-contralateral loss of J2VDPP
-ipsilateral flaccid paralysis of tongue

Question 3

Lateral Medullary Syndrome (Wallenberg’s Syndrome) is caused by occlusion of what artery

Answer 3

PICA

Question 4

Lateral Medullary Syndrome (Wallenberg’s Syndrome) symptoms

Answer 4

-ipsilateral ataxia
-vertigo, nystagmus
-contralateral loss of pain and temperature
-loss of gag reflex, utterance, unsymmetrical uvula, swallowing
-Horner’s syndrome

Question 5

Bell’s Palsy symptoms

Answer 5

-ipsilateral loss of facial motor control
-pain/hyperacusis from ipsilateral ear
-LMN weakness

Question 6

Ramsay Hunt Syndrome is caused by

Answer 6

infection/lesion in geniculate ganglion usually from Herpes zoster

Question 7

Foville Syndrome symptoms

Answer 7

-contralateral hemiplegia
-contralateral loss of fine touch
-ipsilateral facial paralysis
-paralysis of conjugate gaze
-unable to look in direction of the lesion

Question 8

Millard Gubler Syndrome symptoms

Answer 8

-diplopia worsening when looking towards side of lesion
-ipsilateral facial weakness sometimes
-contralateral hemiplegia

Question 9

Ramsay Hunt Syndrome symptoms

Answer 9

-ipsilateral facial palsy
-hyperacusis
-herpes pustules on pinna, skin near ear, and tympanum
-ipsilateral loss of taste to anterior ⅔ of tongue

Question 10

Superior Orbital Syndrome symptoms

Answer 10

-pain and paresthesia of V1 dispersion
-intense pain in muscle of eye
-ipsilateral ophthalmoplegia

Question 11

Tolosa Hunt Syndrome is caused by what

Answer 11

granulomatous lesion due to macrophage collection following infection

Question 12

Tolosa Hunt Syndrome symptoms

Answer 12

-unilateral headaches with orbital pain
-sensory loss of V1 distribution
-ipsilateral ophthalmoplegia
-optic neuritis (inflammation of optic nerve)

Question 13

Weber’s Syndrome is caused by occlusion of what artery

Answer 13

posterior cerebral artery

Question 14

Weber’s Syndrome symptoms

Answer 14

-eyes down and out
-hemiplegia/hemiparesis of contralateral extremities
-weakness of contralateral facial muscles of lower half of face
-contralateral deviation of tongue (UMN)

Question 15

Claude’s Syndrome is caused by occlusion of what artery

Answer 15

posterior cerebral artery

Question 16

Benedikt’s Syndrome is caused by occlusion of what artery

Answer 16

posterior cerebral artery

Question 17

Benedikt’s Syndrome symptoms

Answer 17

-down and out dilated eye
-contralateral hemiparesis/hemiplegia of lower face
-contralateral tongue deviation (UMN)
-intention tremors

Question 18

Claude’s Syndrome symptoms

Answer 18

-down and out dilated eye
-contralateral ataxia, intention tremor, incoordination