brain regions

Question 1

The brain contains 4 ventricles filled with…

Answer 1

cerebro spinal fluid

Question 2

What are the 3 main functions of cerebro-spinal fluid?

Answer 2

1. Supplies the neurones with oxygen and glucose
2. Protects against shocks and mechanical injury
3. Maintains a constant pressure in and around the brain

Question 3

What is the function of the medulla oblongata?

Answer 3

• The medulla oblongata is responsible for the control of breathing, heart rate and blood pressure
• The medulla oblongata also contains many important centres of the autonomic nervous system

Question 4

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

Answer 4

• The hypothalamus receives a wide range of important information about the body, in the form of nerve impulses from many parts of the brain
• It integrates this information, and then brings about responses either through the autonomic nervous system or through secretions of the pituitary glad
• It acts as a co-ordinating centre between the nervous system and the endocrine (hormonal system)
• Regulates temperature, blood solute concentration, hunger thirst and sleep

Question 5

What is the function of the thalamus?

Answer 5

• Located between the cerebral cortex and the mid-brain
• It is an important relay centre, sending and receiving information to and from the cerebral cortex
• It works to correlate several processes including consciousness, sleep and interpretation

Question 6

What is the function of the hippocampus?

Answer 6

• Involved in learning, reasoning and personality. It is a limbic system structure that is important in forming new memories and connecting emotions and senses, such as smell and sound to memories
• The hippocampus is a horseshoe shape paired structure, with one hippocampus located on the left and the other on the right hemisphere

Question 7

What is the function of the cerebellum?

Answer 7

• The cerebellum is concerned with maintenance of posture and coordination of voluntary muscular activity e.g. writing
• It also appears to be involved in the learning of tasks requiring carefully coordinated movements, such as riding a bike and playing a musical instrument

Question 8

What is the function of the cerebrum?

Answer 8

• It is the largest division of the brain. It is divided into two hemispheres which are connected to each other by a bundle of nerves known as the corpus collosum
• Controls all higher mental activities including thinking, language, emotions, personality, planning and memory

Question 9

Region of the brain: HINDBRAIN

What brain structures does it include?

Answer 9

• Medulla oblongata

- cerebellum

Question 10

Region of the brain: MIDBRAIN

What brain structures does it include?

Answer 10

• Nerve fibres that link the forebrain to the hindbrain

Question 11

Region of the brain: FOREBRAIN

Answer 11

• Hypothalamus, thalamus and cerebrum

Question 12

What are the 4 lobes of the cerebrum?

Answer 12

1. Frontal
2. Temporal
3. Parietal
4. Occipital

Question 13

lobes of the brain:

What are the functions of the frontal lobe?

Answer 13

• Memory formation
• Emotions
• Decision making
• Personality

Question 14

lobes of the brain:

What are the functions of the temporal lobe?

Answer 14

• Hearing
• Organisation/ comprehension of language
• information retrieval (memory/ memory formation)

Question 15

lobes of the brain:

What are the functions of the parietal lobe?

Answer 15

• senses and integrates sensations

- Spatial awareness and perception

Question 16

lobes of the brain:

What are the functions of the occipital lobe?

Answer 16

• processing, interpretation and integration of vision and visual stimuli

Question 17

Which lobe is the sensory cortex located in and association area is it located in?

Answer 17

-The sensory cortex is located in the parietal lobe and it contains the somatic sensory association areas

Question 18

Which lobe is the primary visual cortex located in and what association area does it contain?

Answer 18

• the occipital lobe and it contains the visual association areas

Question 19

which lobe is the primary auditory cortex located in and what association area does it contain?

Answer 19

• The temporal lobe and it contains the auditory association area

Question 20

Which lobe is the primary somatic cortex located in and what association area does it contain?

Answer 20

• It is located in the frontal lobe and it contains the somatic motor association area

Question 21

Cerebral cortex can be divided into three areas according to their functions:
1. The sensory areas

Answer 21

receive sensory information from receptors in the body.

Question 22

Cerebral cortex can be divided into three areas according to their functions:
2. association areas

Answer 22

process and interpret information

Question 23

Cerebral cortex can be divided into three areas according to their functions:
3. Motor areas

Answer 23

initiate responses

Question 24

The sensory Areas of the Cerebrum

Answer 24

Receive incoming impulses from different sense organs (e.g eyes and ears).
The two hemispheres receive information from the opposite sides of the body- the right hemisphere receives information from the left side, and the left hemisphere receives it from the right side.
The parts of the cerebral cortex that receive impulses first are called Primary Sensory Areas

Question 25

The association areas

Answer 25

Receive and interpret impulses from the primary sensory area.
Provide memory, reasoning, judgement, emotions and verbalisation.

Question 26

Motor areas

Answer 26

Generate nerve impulses that are carried via motor neurones to appropriate muscles (effector) on the opposite side of the body.

Motor neurones, from the motor area, of one cerebral hemisphere cross over in the medulla oblongata and innervate the effectors on the opposite side of the body.