brain parts & nerve cells (maybe short answer qs?)

Question 1

name all the different types of neuroglia (there are 6)

Answer 1

1. astrocytes
2. microglia
3. oligodendrocytes
4. ependymal cells
5. satellite cells
6. schwann cells

Question 2

function of astrocytes

Answer 2

support and anchor neurons to surrounding capillaries

Question 3

function of microglia

Answer 3

provide immune response to CNS

Question 4

function of oligodendrocytes

Answer 4

provide myelin insulation to neurons in CNS

Question 5

function of ependymal cells

Answer 5

secrete and circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 6

function of satellite cells

Answer 6

support and anchor neurons in PNS

Question 7

function of schwann cells

Answer 7

provide myelin insulation to neurons in PNS

Question 8

blank card/spacer

Answer 8

blank card/spacer

Question 9

function of frontal lobe

Answer 9

• voluntary movements
• reasoning + decision-making
• memory
• planning
• ability to predict consequences of actions
• verbal communication

Question 10

function of parietal lobe

Answer 10

• controls sensations (pain, temperature, touch)
• visual-spatial processing
• body position

Question 11

what separates the frontal and parietal lobes?

Answer 11

central sulcus (groove)

Question 11

function of occipital lobe

Answer 11

visual processing (ex: vision and memory of objects)

Question 11

function of temporal lobe

Answer 11

• memory
• word comprehension and pronunciation
• sense of smell and sound
• emotional association w/ memories

Question 12

what separates the temporal and frontal lobes?

Answer 12

lateral sulcus (grooves)

Question 13

what parts does the brain stem contain?

Answer 13

pons, medulla, midbrain

Question 14

function of brainstem

Answer 14

controls breathing, blood pressure, heart rate, swallowing

Question 15

function of cerebellum

Answer 15

manages balance, coordination and routine movement

Question 16

describe the cerebrum’s appearance and give its function.

Answer 16

• largest part of brain; is divided into 2 parts
• controls thinking, reasoning and memory
• covered in ridges (gyri) and grooves (sulci)

Question 17

function of thalamus

Answer 17

relays sensory impulses to cerebral cortex for processing and sorting

Question 18

in relation to the thalamus, where is the pineal gland?

Answer 18

posterior to the thalamus.

Question 19

give another name for the midbrain and its functions

Answer 19

• mesencephalon
• relays info to cerebrum
• controls body movements and posture

Question 20

what is the pons made of? which two parts of the brain does it link together? give two functions.

Answer 20

• made almost completely out of white matter
• links cerebral cortex and cerebellum
• carries info from one side of the brain to another
• controls breathing

Question 21

where is the medulla? name its two functions

Answer 21

• located directly above spinal cord
• transmits impulses between spinal cord and brain
• controls blood pressure, heart rate, swallowing

Question 22

what is the spinal cord covered in for protection? what is its function?

Answer 22

• covered in meninges (just like the brain)
• relays impulses between brain and PNS

Question 23

what are the hypothalamus and pituitary gland responsible for?

Answer 23

- controls body temperature, metabolism, blood volume and hormones