Brain, Meninges and Spinal Cord

Question 1

Which space contains CSF?

Answer 1

Subarachnoid space

Question 2

Potential space (pathological)

Answer 2

Subdural

Question 3

Dorsal sagittal sinus is contained in?

Answer 3

Falx cerebri

Question 4

Falx cerebri extends into?

Answer 4

Longitudinal cerebral fissure

Question 5

Tentorium cerebelli extends into?

Answer 5

Transverse cerebral fissure

Question 6

What transverses the subarachnoid space?

Answer 6

Arachnoid trabeculae

Question 7

2 subarachnoid enlargements

Answer 7

1. Cerebellomedullary cistern (cisterna magna)

2. Lumbar cistern

Question 8

CSF exits cranial cavity via?

Answer 8

Lateral apertures or central canal

Arachnoid villi → dural venous sinus

Question 9

Grey matter of brain

Answer 9

Basal nuclei

Question 10

Frontal lobe is?

Answer 10

Motor

Question 11

Parietal lobe is?

Answer 11

Sensory

Question 12

Temporal lobe is?

Answer 12

Hearing

Question 13

Occipital lobe is?

Answer 13

Vision

Question 14

Basal nucleus aka?

Answer 14

Caudate nucleus

Question 15

In the cerebrum, which matter is on the outside?

Answer 15

Grey matter

Question 16

Association fibers

Answer 16

Within same hemisphere

Question 17

Commissural fibers

Answer 17

Between hemispheres

Question 18

Projection fibers

Answer 18

Ascending / descending fibers

Question 19

Rhinencephalon

Answer 19

Olfactory brain

Question 20

Epithalamus

Answer 20

Pineal gland (epiphysis) → part of diencephalon

Question 21

Metathalamus

Answer 21

Part of diencephalon

Lateral geniculate body: visual relay

Medial geniculate body: auditory relay

Question 22

What part of the mesencephalon is ventral to the aqueduct?

Answer 22

Cerebral peduncle

Question 23

Nn. of mesencephalon

Answer 23

3 and 4

Question 24

Cortex and medulla of cerebellum

Answer 24

Cortex: grey matter

Medulla: white

Question 25

Cerebellar peduncles of metencephalon

Answer 25

Rostral: efferent axons from cerebllum to brainstem

Cd: connects medulla oblongata and cerebellum

Middle: continuous with transverse fibers of pons

Question 26

Longitudinal fibers of the pons

Answer 26

Dorsal to transverse fibers, continue descending fibers of crus cerebri

Question 27

Pyramids of myelencephalon

Answer 27

Cd. continuations of longitudinal fibers of pons

Question 28

Nn. of myelencephalon

Answer 28

6-12

Question 29

Dorsal horn

Answer 29

Afferent, interneurons and projection neurons

Question 30

Horns are grey/white matter

Answer 30

Grey

Question 31

Funiculus is grey/white matter

Answer 31

White

Question 32

Dorsal funiculus

Answer 32

Ascending sensory (conscious proprioception)

Question 33

Lateral funiculus

Answer 33

1. Ascending sensory

2. Descending motor (mainly flexors)

Question 34

Ventral funiculus

Answer 34

Descending motor (mainly extensors)

Question 35

Majority of brachial plexus originates from?

Answer 35

C6-T2

Question 36

Majority of lumbosacral plexus originats from?

Answer 36

L4-S3

Question 37

RAT signs of UMN disease

Answer 37

Reflex: normal or increased

Atrophy: mild and generalized

Tone: normal or increased

Question 38

RAT signs of LMN disease

Answer 38

Reflex: absent or decreased

Atrophy: severe and specific

Tone: absent or decreased

Question 39

Lesion in C1-5

Answer 39

No UMN function in thoracic or pelvic

LMN normal in all limbs → panniculus and perineal reflexes intact

Question 40

Lesion in C6-T2

Answer 40

UMN function damaged to pelvic limbs

LMN only normal in pelvic limbs → loss of panniculus reflex

Question 41

Lesion in T3-L3

Answer 41

UMN function damaged to pelvic limbs

LMN normal in all limbs → loss of panniculus reflex

Question 42

Lesion in L3-S3

Answer 42

UMN function normal

LMN damage in pelvic limbs → may or may not lose perineal reflex (panniculus reflex normal)