brain lobe function/disorders etc Flashcards
frontal lobe divisions
primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, prefrontal cortex
frontal lobe functions
- how we know what we are doing w/in our environment
- controls our emotional response
- assigns meaning to the words we choose
- how we intitiate activity in our environment
- judgements we make about our daily activities
- involves word associations
- memory for habits and motor activities
parietal lobe divisions
primary somatosensory cortex, posterior parietal cortex, angular gyrus, supramarginal gyrus
temporal lobe structures
primary auditory cortex (heshl’s gyrus), wernicke’s area, planum temporale
parietal lobe disorders
- tactile agnosia
- motor apraxia
- alexia
- contralateral neglect
- anomia
- agraphia
- dycalculia
primary motor cortex
- activating and controlling motor acts
- motor neurons arranged somatotopically
frontal lobe
premotor cortex
- plans skilled/complex movements
- hand, finger, and speech movements
frontal lobe
prefrontal cortex
- executive functioning of the brain: reasoning, abstract thinking, pragmatic function, self monitoring, planning, descision making
frontal lobe
primary somatosensory cortex
- responds to touch/pain stimuli from the whole body
- cells arranged somatotopically
- range from recieving input from brainstem nuclie, to encoding texture and shape of touched objects, to encoding magnitude and direction of touched objects
parietal lobe
posterior parietal cortex
- contains cell groups that integrate and process different sensory stimuli
- creates complex sensory experiences
- primary analysis in auditory cortex and visuall cortex is sent to the PPC where it’s analyzed more complexly
- association and integration
parietal lobe
angular gyrus
- lesions here result in higher order language deficits
- understanding metaphor
- understanding mathematical concepts
- mathematical performance
parietal lobe
supramarginal gyrus
- involved in word meaning
- relation of individual speech sounds to the formation of words
- ability to connect words with action patterns (eg, let me show you how to whistle)
parietal lobe
primary auditory cortex
- primary signal analysis performed (frequ. duration, intensity)
temporal lobe
planum temporale
- more complex auditory analysis (speech/language perception/understanding)
- considered auditory association cortex
- left right asymmetry
temporal lobe
wernicke’s area
- brain region associated with speech/language comprehension
- imaging work of areas surrounding sylvian fissure support this theory
- superior temporal gyrus is highly active when required to make decisions about individual speech sounds
- more widespread regions of the temporal lobe active when required to make descisions about single word meaning, grammatical complexity, and abstract meaning
temporal lobe
ischemic stroke
occlusion within artery causing decreased overall bloodflow; artery wall stay intact
- thrombosis, embolism, TIA
fast recovery at 1st then it levels off
hemorrhagic stroke
decreased overall bloodflow caused by rupture in blood vessel wall
- intracerebral (hypertension, aneurysm, AVM)
- extracerebral (sub/epidural hematome
starts healing slowly, heals quickly, then levels off
left neglect
the brain isn’t processing information from the left side of the field of vision (lack of awareness of visual space to your left)
striatal tracts
- fiber tracts connecting cortical gray matter and subcortical nuclei of the basal ganglia
- connection loop between cortical and basal ganglia structures
- plays an important. role in motor control and speech motor control
types of tbi
penetrating: perforates or fractures skull
- highly mortality rate in brainstem, if they survive intial injury survival prognosis is surprisingly good
nonpenetrating: closed head; skull stays intact
- non acceleration (impression trauma)
- acceleration (linear or angular)
chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)
degenerative brain disease found in athletes, veterans, and others with a history or repetitive head trauma
- a protein called tau forms clumps that slowly spread through the brain, killing cells
- symptoms affect mood, behavior, and cognition:
- impulse control problems
- aggression
- depression
- paranoia
- memory loss
- confusion
- impaired judgment
- progressive dementia
risk factors for TBI
- alcohol and drug abuse
- participation in sporting events
- males in any age group
- plus a bunch more haha
top 4 causes of TBI hospitalization/death
- falls are the leading cause
- motor vehicle accidents
- being struck by or against an object
- intentional self harm
- leading cause for 15-24 yr olds is motor vehicle accidents
