Brain Intro Flashcards
Name the coloured bones of the skull
State the function of the frontal lobe
Muscle control
higher intellect
personality
mood
social conduct
language
What structure separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe?
Central sulcus - “separates sensing from doing”.
State functions of the parietal lobe
Peception of sensory information such as touch, pain and pressure
Language
Calculation
State functions of temporal lobe
Memory
Language
Hearing
State functions of occipital lobe
Processing of visual stimuli
What separates the temporal lobe frombasically everything else?
The lateral sulcus
What is the name of the gyrus where you would find the motor cortex?
The precentral gyrus
Name of gyrus that is where you would find the somatosensory cortex? What lobe?
Post gentral gyrus.
Parietal
The temporal lobe is the “thumb” when thinking of the brain as a hand. It has 3 gyri, what are they called?
- Superior
- Middle
- Inferior
Identify the central sulcus (and thus identify the precentral and postcentral gyrus)
State the function of the cerebeullum
- Multiple roles, but key in fine tuning and coordination of muscle movement that is initiated by the motor cortex
- Also plays role in planning and learning of skilled movements through connections with the thalamus and cortex
Explain what this is showing
- Essentially the size of the limbs on the map determine the motor and sensory imput for that particular part of the body
- Note that the motor and sensory areas of the cortexes tend to run in parallel
The most common upper motor neurone problem that would affect the legs would be in the spinal cord. However it is possible a tumour in the brain can also affect the function of the legs. Knowing the location of the limbs on the Homonculus (and thus where they are represented in the sensory and motor cortexes), where would a tummour be that it could affect both legs?
In the longitudial fissue - essentially presses bilatrally against both sensory/motor cortexes.
The dominant side of the brain is, typically, determines what hand dominant you are (save from picking up hand dominance from something like a sport. Would you expect to find speech also on the dominant area?
yes
The frontal lobe has 3 gyri. What are they called?
Superior, middle and inferior fronttal gyrus
State the function of broca’s area and specify its anatomical location.
- Inferior frontal gyrus of the frontal lobe, in the pars opercularis and pars triagnularis
What region is required to process auditory information and where is it located?
The auditory cortex
- Found bilaterally
- In the Superior temoral gyrus
What is the function of wernicke’s area?
Which hemisphere for 90% of population?
Where is it anatomically?
- Sensory language, i.e. understanding of language
- 90% is left
- Temporal lobe, superior temporal gyrusish
Wernicke’s area is found where, and is a part of what cortex?
Superior temporal gyrus
Ouline very briefly the process of interpreting a sound to forming a verbal response
- Sounds are relayed from the ear to the auditory cortex
- Signals are sent to wernicke’s area, where the signal can be interpreted
- Relayed to broca’s area, which is able to control, via the corticobulbar contract, control the bulbar muscles, and possibly also the diaphragmatic muslces required for breathing
- Parts of the non-dominant parietal lobe appear to contribute to non-verbal aspects of language in recognising meaningful intonation patterns
Label the following sturctures in this coronal section of the brain
The basal ganglia is a collection of 5 neuronal structures. When they go wrong clinically, they cause movement disorders. Name the 5 structures
- Body of caudate nucleus
- Substantia niagra
- Putamen
- Globus pallidus
- Thalamus
Identify the strcutures
Identify the following structrues of the basal ganglia
Label the following structures of the basal ganglia
Identify this green structure
Hippocampus
State the function of the hippocampus
What system is it a part of?
Which lobe?
- Limbic system
- Temporal lobe
- Important in memory function (hippocampal onset epilepsy, beginning of seizure will be in a physical return to memory in some patient
The corpus callosum can be split into 4 regions
Rostrum
Genu
Body
Splenium
Identify the ventricles
Identify the brain structures in this mid-line hemisection
State the functions of Thalamus and hypothalamus
- Thalamus (paired structure) - relay cenytre for sensory information travelling from spinal cord to the brain
- Hypothalamus - links the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland. Important for body teperature, nhunger, sleep, circadian rhytyms.
This an inferior view of the brain. name these structures
