Brain imaging Flashcards
: If a brain exam is being performed and the request is made to rule out acoustic neuroma, a protocol with thin cuts through the _________ should be performed
: Internal Auditory Canals
The _____________ imaging plane would be the most optimal slice orientation for evaluation of Arnold Chiari Malformation and its inferior cerebellar tonsillar herniation.
sagittal
A FLAIR sequence with a long TI is utilized to
null the signal from CSF
: If a brain exam is being perfomed and the request is made to rule out microadenoma due to elevated prolactin levels, a protocol with thin cuts through the ____________ should be performed.
Pituitary gland
: If a brain exam is being perfomed and the request is made to rule out globe tumor due to symptoms of diplopia, a protocol with thin cuts through the ____________ should be performed
Orbits/Optic Nerves
MR findings of a low volume corpus callosum and increased white matter lesions can be indicative of a diagnosis of:
Multiple Sclerosis
: If a brain exam is being performed and the request is made to evaluate cranial nerves VII and VIII due to the patient’s symptoms of tinnitus, a protocol with thin cuts through the ____________ should be performed
Internal Auditory Canals
: How many cranial nerves are there?
12
: To best visualize the pituitary gland in MRI, high resolution T1 weighted images in the __________ planes pre and post contrast are optimal.
Sagittal and Coronal
: ____________ is a condition in which part of the cerebellar tonsil is displaced through the foramen magnum
Chiari Malformation
: When imaging a hemorrhagic infarct in the brain, which pulse sequence would demonstrate the magnetic susceptibility effects better?
Gradient echo
: _______ sequences are performed to suppress CSF (cerebro-spinal fluid)and aid in the detection of demyelination
FLAIR
The brainstem includes all of the following EXCEPT
Putamen
On a T2 weighted image, CSF appears bright because it has a __________ relaxation time.
Long T2
The stalk of the pituitary gland is also known as the:
Infundibulum
The right and left optic nerve join at the:
Optic chiasm
: The medial and lateral rectus muscles are located in the
eye
What scan plane would be optimal for visualization of the hippocampus?
Coronal oblique
Which dural venous sinuses drain from the confluence of sinuses (by the internal occipital protuberance) to the mastoid portion of the temporal
Transverse sinuses
Which structure lies adjacent to the head of the caudate nucleus
Anterior horn of the lateral ventricle
In the TMJ’s, the articular disc lies between what two anatomical structures
: Mandibular fossa and mandibular condyle
The insular cortex is primarily responsible for:
Motor control; cognitive function
Which cranial nerve is responsible for Bell’s Palsy?
Cranial nerve VII (the facial nerve)
To accurately depict the VII and VIII cranial nerves, the patient would centered at the level of the:
External auditory meatus
The dural venous sinuses that drain into the internal jugular vein are the:
Sigmoid sinus
When positioning a patient for a brain MRI, the centering should be placed at what anatomical landmark?
Nasion
If the third ventricle is dilated, but the fourth ventricle is not, there would then be pathology associated with:
: Aqueduct of Sylvius
A depression in the base of the skull where the pituitary gland is located is called the ___________.
Sella turcica
Which fissure divides the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobes?
Sylvian fissure
The __________________ runs the length of the falx cerebri.
Superior sagittal sinus
How do the vertebral arteries enter the cranium?
Foramen magnum
What would be the most useful sequence for evaluation of an acute stroke?
Diffusion weighted sequence
When performing an MRI to confirm a suspected pituitary microadenoma, contrast is injected and imaging is performed
Rapidly because lesions appear as low signal intensity compared to the enhanced pituitary gland
When performing MRI to rule out brain tumors, the weighted images acquired to evaluate the extent of lesion involvement, after injection of gadolinium, are
T1
Letter A in Image 184 is pointing to which cranial nerve?
Optic nerve (CN II)
: Letter B in Image 184 is pointing to:
Basilar artery
Letter C in Image 184 is pointing to which cranial nerve?
Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
Letter D in Image 184 is pointing to:
Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
Letter E in Image 184 is pointing to
Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
Letter F in Image 184 is pointing to which cranial nerve?
Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
Letter G in Image 184 is pointing to which cranial nerve?
Optic nerve (CN II)
: Letter H in Image 184 is pointing to which cranial nerve?
Olfactory nerve (CN I)
: Letter J in Image 184 is pointing to which cranial nerve?
Olfactory nerve (CN I)
Letter A in Image 185 is pointing to which cranial nerve?
Abducens nerve (CN VI)
: Letter B in Image 185 is pointing to
Abducens nerve (CN VI)
: Letter C in Image 185 is pointing to which cranial nerve?
Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
Letter D in Image 185 is pointing to which cranial nerve?
Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
Letter E in Image 185 is pointing to which cranial nerve?
Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
Letter F in Image 185 is pointing to which cranial nerve?
Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
Letter A in Image 186 is pointing to:
Cochlea
: Letter B in Image 186 is pointing to which cranial nerve:
Facial nerve (CN VII)
Letter C in Image 186 is pointing to:
Semicircular canal
: Letter D in Image 186 is pointing to which cranial nerve?
Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
: Letter E in Image 186 is pointing to which cranial nerve?
Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
Letter F in Image 186 is pointing to which cranial nerve?
Facial nerve (CN VII)
: Letter A in Image 187 is pointing to which cranial nerve?
Vagus nerve (CN X)
Letter B in Image 187 is pointing to which cranial nerve?
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
Letter C in Image 187 is pointing to which cranial nerve?
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
Letter F in Image 188 is pointing to which cranial nerve?
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
Letter J in Image 188 is pointing to which cranial nerve?
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
The green arrows in Image 165 point to what pathology?
Vestibular schwannoma
The green arrows in Image 163 point to what pathology?
Pituitary tumor
The red arrow in Image 160 points to what pathology?
Chiari malformation
The blue arrows in Image 159 point to what pathology?
Syrinx
The red arrows in Image 159 point to what pathology?
Chiari malformation
The three images in the top left quadrant of Image 159 identify what pulse sequence?
T2 sagittal
The three images in the top right quadrant of Image 159 identify which MRI pulse sequence?
T1 sagittal
The pathology identified by the blue arrows in Image 159 is a syrinx, displaying T1 _____________ signal and T2 _______________ signal relative to the spinal cord.
Hypointense; hyperintense
